目的 通过中药代谢组学以及解析电离喷雾质谱成像技术（desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging，DESI-MSI）系统分析高温处理前后西洋参的化学成分差异。方法 基于UPLC-QTOF-MS技术的植物代谢组学方法，结合多元统计分析，对高温处理前后西洋参的化学成分进行非靶向解析。利用LC-QQQ-MS多反应监测（multiple reaction monitoring，MRM）技术对发现的关键皂苷进行准确定量。最后，采用DESI-MSI技术分析西洋参组织经过高温处理前后主要人参皂苷的空间分布迁移变化情况。结果 人参皂苷Rb₁、Rd、Rg₂、Rg₃和西洋参皂苷R₁共5种人参皂苷在高温处理前后出现显著变化，采用三重四级杆的定量方法证实了5种成分在高温处理后含量均显著增加（P＜0.05）。进一步的DESI-MSI结果表明西洋参在高温处理后，其组织中人参皂苷Rd与Rb₁由表层向形成层、髓质部和木质部明显迁移富集；西洋参皂苷R₁则由韧皮部和形成层向外侧表皮层富集；人参皂苷Rg₂和Rg₃主要分布于木栓层及韧皮部。结论 高温处理前后西洋参皂苷成分差异明显，研究结果为西洋参高温处理过程对关键人参皂苷的影响提供了定性、定量及空间分布的证据，为西洋参科学加工和利用提供了科学依据。

Objective The chemical composition differences in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after high-temperature treatment were examined using metabolomics of traditional Chinese medicine and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Methods A plant metabolomics method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis was employed to perform non-target screening and identification of the chemical components of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after high-temperature treatment. Using LC-QQQ-MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), accurately quantification of key saponins was enabled. Finally, DESI-MSI technology was applied to investigate the spatial distribution and migration of the main ginsenosides in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix tissue before and after high-temperature treatment. Results A total of five ginsenosides, ginsenosides Rb₁, Rd, Rg₂, Rg₃ and quinquenoside R₁, showed significant changes before and after high-temperature treatment.The quantitative results also confirmed that the contents of all five ginsenosides increased significantly (P < 0.05) after high-temperature treatment. Further DESI-MSI analysis revealed that after high-temperature treatment, ginsenosides Rd and Rb₁ in the tissues of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were significantly redistributed, migrating from the epidermal layer to the formation layer, medulla, and xylem; the quinquenoside R₁ was enriched from the ligamentous and formation layer to the outer epidermis; while ginsenosides Rg₂ and Rg₃ were mainly distributed in the cork layer and ligamentous layer. Conclusion The variations in the composition of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix saponins before and after high-temperature treatment were evident. The results of this study provided qualitative, quantitative and spatial distribution evidence for the effects of the high-temperature treatment process of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix on the key ginsenosides, and offered a scientific basis for the scientific processing and utilization of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.

R284.1

山东省中医药高层次人才培育项目（2023）；山东省自然科学基金资助项目（ZR202211080026）；山东第一医科大学学术提升计划（2019LJ003）