目的 建立蒲黄Typhae Pollen的特征图谱分析方法，结合熵权-优劣解距离（TOPSIS）法评价2种基原蒲黄质量，采用化学模式识别分析方法进一步明确2种基原蒲黄的质量差异标志物。方法 采用HPLC法建立24批蒲黄不同基原药材的特征图谱，采用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”软件（2012版）确定2种基原蒲黄各自的共有峰及其基原之间交叉共有峰，均采用对照品进行色谱峰的指认。以峰面积为依据，采用熵权TOPSIS法计算相对贴近程度，得到2种基原蒲黄的综合质量排名及各特征峰的权重；同时，采用主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）、偏最小二乘法判别分析（partial least square discriminate analysis，PLS-DA）筛选并确认2种基原蒲黄的质量差异标志物。结果 水烛香蒲、东方香蒲特征图谱分别指认并确定了13个特征峰和16个特征峰，其中峰8、9、12是东方香蒲的特有峰，峰7、11与峰13之间的相对峰高可直观区分2种基原蒲黄。特征图谱对比分析发现，东方香蒲的含量测定指标选择峰13（水仙苷）更为合理。熵权TOPSIS法结果表明，各基原蒲黄样品批次间的特征峰均可稳定传递，东方香蒲的相对贴近程度（C_i）均高于水烛香蒲，说明2种基原蒲黄质量有差异。PCA提取出4个主成分，累积方差贡献率可达89.008%。PLS-DA筛选出山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷等9个质量差异标志物，其中山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、异槲皮苷、异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷等7个质量差异标志物为首次提出。结论 建立的分析方法可对2种基原蒲黄进行区分，并特异性识别两者的差异性成分，为蒲黄不同基原之间的区分鉴别及其质量控制提供依据。

Objective To establish the characteristic chromatograms analysis method of Typhae Pollen from two origins (Typha angustifolia and Typha orientalis), which combined with entropy-weighted TOPSIS method for the quality evaluation, and clearly identify the markers of the quality difference between the two origins by chemical pattern recognition.Methods HPLC method was used to establish the characteristic chromatograms of different origins of 24 batches of Puhuang (Typhae Pollen). The “similarity evaluation system for traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprints” software (2012 version) was used to determine the common peaks of the two origins and the cross common peaks between its two origins, whose peaks were accurately identified by chemical reference substances. Based on the peak area, the entropy-weight TOPSIS method was used to calculate the relative proximity degree to obtain the comprehensive quality ranking of the two origins and the weights of each characteristic peak. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to screen and confirm the the quality difference markers of the two origins. Results A total of 13 and 16 characteristic peaks were recognized from the characteristic chromatogram of T. angustifolia and T. orientalis, respectively. Among them, peaks 8, 9 and 12 were unique to T. orientalis, and the relative peak heights between peak 7, 11 and 13 could visually distinguish the two origins. Comparative analysis of the characteristic chromatogram revealed that it was more reasonable to choose peak 13 (narcissin) for the index of content determination in T. orientalis. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS analysis showed that the characteristic peaks could be stably transferred between the sample batches in each origin, and the C_i of all the samples of T. orientalis were higher than that of T. angustifolia, which implied that the quality of the two origins varied. The four principal components were extracted by PCA, and the cumulative variance contribution could reach 89.008%. The nine quality difference markers, such as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, were screened by PLS-DA, among which seven quality difference markers, including kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and so on, were proposed for the first time. Conclusion The established analytical method could differentiate the two origins of Typhae Pollen and specifically identify the differential components between them, providing a basis for the differential identification of different origins and quality control of Typhae Pollen.

R286.2

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3504200）;广东省中医药信息化重点实验室（2021B1212040007）;全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目（国中医药人教函［2022］75号）