目的 以四季抗病毒合剂为研究对象，探究临界渗透压结合亚临界通量操作对四季抗病毒合剂反渗透膜浓缩过程的影响。方法 采用冰点渗透压测定仪测定四季抗病毒合剂反渗透膜过程的临界渗透压，并检测其膜通量及有效成分含量变化。采用压力阶梯法测定四季抗病毒合剂反渗透膜过程临界通量。将临界渗透压引入亚临界通量操作进行反渗透膜浓缩，分析不同操作方式对膜污染的影响。结果 四季抗病毒合剂反渗透膜过程的临界渗透压为89.8 mOsm/kg，当低于临界渗透压操作时，膜污染明显下降。四季抗病毒合剂反渗透膜过程的临界通量为15.61 L/(m²∙h)，在超临界通量、临界通量、亚临界通量操作下膜通量分别衰减了13.9%、12.3%、6.1%。在亚临界通量操作时膜阻力增长最为缓慢。将临界渗透压结合亚临界通量操作可有效降低膜污染，提高膜浓缩效率。结论 临界渗透压结合亚临界通量操作可改善四季抗病毒合剂反渗透膜浓缩过程，降低膜污染程度，为中药膜技术的高效应用提供了参考借鉴。

Objective The effect of critical osmotic pressure combined with subcritical flux operation on the reverse osmosis membrane concentration process of Four-season Antiviral Mixture (四季抗病毒合剂) was investigated. Methods The critical osmotic pressure of the reverse osmosis membrane process of Four-season Antiviral Mixture was determined by freezing osmolality tester, and the changes of the membrane flux and the content of active ingredients were detected. The pressure step method was used to determine the critical flux of the reverse osmosis membrane process of Four-season Antiviral Mixture. The critical osmotic pressure was introduced into the subcritical flux operation for reverse osmosis membrane concentration, and the effects of different operation methods on membrane contamination were analysed. Results The critical osmotic pressure of Four-season Antiviral Mixture reverse osmosis membrane process was 89.8 mOsm/kg, and the membrane contamination decreased significantly when operated below the critical osmotic pressure. The critical flux of the Four-season Antiviral Mixture reverse osmosis membrane process was 15.61 L/m²/h, and the membrane flux decayed by 13.9%, 12.3%, and 6.1% under supercritical flux, critical flux, and subcritical flux operations, respectively. Membrane resistance grew the most slowly during subcritical flux operation. Combining critical osmotic pressure with subcritical flux operation can effectively reduce membrane contamination and improve membrane concentration efficiency. Conclusion The combination of critical osmotic pressure and subcritical flux operation has been demonstrated to enhance the reverse osmosis membrane concentration process, thereby reducing the degree of membrane contamination of Four-season Antiviral Mixture, which provides a valuable reference point for the efficient application of traditional Chinese medicine membrane technology.

R283.6

国家自然科学基金项目（81803744）;陕西省科技厅重点研发计划一般项目（2023-YBSF-376）;陕西省中医药管理局中药制药工程重点学科资助项目