针对天麻Gastrodiae Rhizoma有“祛风通络”功效而无相关药性的不合理现状，对天麻药性进行再认识。收集古代和现代的中药文献48部，采用统计分析和“以效识性”分析，对天麻的主要药性进行再认识。通过文献统计分析，在35部古代本草文献中，对天麻药味、四气、归经、毒性进行标注的分别为32、32、15、14（毒性全部标注为“无毒”）部。按文献记载数量从高到低排序，选择排序最高者，天麻的主要药性为：味辛，性平，归肝经，无毒。按照“以效识性”思维对天麻息风止痉、平抑肝阳、祛风通络的功效和治疗眩晕、惊风、痹病、头风等进行对应药性分析，认识到天麻的主要药性为味辛、甘，性平，归肝经、无毒。结合现代天麻通过缓肝急而息风止痉、平肝的认识，天麻甘味应更突出，故天麻的主要药性应为味甘、辛，性平，归肝经，无毒。对于当今主流中药著作记载天麻药性时缺少“辛”味有不同观点。建议深入研究，以求得在天麻药性“辛”味认识的统一。

For the unreasonable status quo that Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) has the efficacy of “dispelling wind and dredging collaterals” without relevant medicinal properties, the medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were re-recognized. A total of 48 ancient and modern Chinese medicinal literatures were collected, and the statistical analysis and the analysis of “recognizing the properties by efficacy” were used to re-understand the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma. Through literature statistical analysis, among 35 ancient Chinese herbal literatures, medicinal taste, four qi, meridians, and toxicity of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were annotated in 32, 32, 15, and 14 (all toxicity marked as “non-toxic”), respectively. Sort by the number of literature records in descending order, and select the one with the highest ranking, the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were as follows: pungent flavor, neutral nature, attributed to liver meridian, non-toxic. In accordance with the “recognizing properties by efficacy” thinking on Gastrodiae Rhizoma, the effects of extinguishing wind and stopping convulsions, pacifying and inhibiting liver yang, dispelling wind and dredging collaterals and treatment of vertigo, convulsions, impediment diseases, head wind and other applications were analyzed for the corresponding medicinal properties. It was recognized that the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma were as follows: pungent flavor and sweet flavor, neutral nature, attributed to liver meridian, non-toxic. In light of the modern understanding that Gastrodiae Rhizoma calms the liver’s hyperactivity to extinguish wind and stop convulsions and pacify the liver, its sweet taste should be more prominent. Therefore, the main medicinal properties of Gastrodiae Rhizoma are as follows: sweet flavor and pungent flavor, neutral nature, attributed to liver meridian, non-toxic. There are different views regarding the lack of “pungent” flavor in the description of Gastrodiae Rhizoma’s properties in mainstream contemporary Chinese medicine works. It is recommended to conduct in-depth research to achieve a consensus on the recognition of the “pungent” flavor of Gastrodiae Rhizoma’s properties.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204639）