人参属植物是中药重要来源种属之一，包含人参Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma、三七Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma、西洋参Panacis Quinquefolii Radix、珠子参Panacis Majoris Rhizoma、竹节参Panacis Japonici Rhizoma等名贵中药，但其重金属污染问题严重影响了药材质量与进出贸易。通过对近30年本领域相关文献与数据进行系统整理，以《中国药典》2020年版为标准，对不同地区的人参、三七、西洋参、珠子参、竹节参中铜、铅、砷、镉、汞5种重金属污染现状进行总结。结果表明，目前人参属来源中药材的重金属检测方法多为电感耦合等离子体-质谱法等传统仪器检测方法，未来可以进一步开发更快速、更便捷、更灵敏的新型重金属检测方法。同时，针对重金属污染的消减措施方面，应从种植源头、运输及加工等减少重金属污染，提高人参属来源中药材的质量与用药安全。

The Panax genus is a crucial source of Chinese herbal medicines, including valuable species like Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Xiyangshen (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix), Zhuzishen (Panacis Majoris Rhizoma), Zhujieshen (Panacis Japonici Rhizoma) and other valuable Chinese herbs. However, heavy metal contamination poses a significant challenge, severely impacting the quality of these medicinal materials and their domestic and international trades. This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature and data from the past 30 years, summarizing the current status of contamination by five heavy metals — copper, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury — in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, Panacis Majoris Rhizoma and Panacis Japonici Rhizoma from different regions, using the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China as the standard. The results show most methods for detecting heavy metals in Panax genus and related Chinese herbal medicines rely on traditional instrumental techniques like ICP-MS at present. In the future, faster, more convenient, and more sensitive detection methods should be developed. Additionally, to mitigate heavy metal contamination, efforts should focus on reducing heavy metal content at the source — during cultivation, transportation, and processing — to enhance the quality and safety of Panax-based Chinese herbal medicines.

R282

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82373987）;中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2023E002，CI2024C007YN）