目的 研究丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza内生真菌细链格孢Alternaria malvae的次生代谢产物及生物活性。方法 采用正相柱色谱、MPLC-ODS、MCI、Sephadex LH-20，结合制备型高效液相等色谱手段进行分离纯化，利用核磁共振和质谱技术对单体化合物进行鉴定，通过检测脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）诱导小鼠巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）一氧化氮（NO）的释放，评价化合物的抗炎活性。结果 从细链格孢的大米发酵产物中分离得到7个化合物，分别鉴定为3-甲氧基细链格孢内酯B（1）、4'-表细链格孢烯（2）、(＋)-(4'R,5'S,7'R)-细链格孢烯（3）、4'-表-二氢细链格孢烯A（4）、细链格孢三醇5-甲醚（5）、细链格孢三醇（6）和细链格甲醚孢醇（7）。化合物5和7表现出抗炎活性，半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration，IC₅₀）值分别为（14.80±0.67）μmol/L和（27.76±2.75）μmol/L。结论 化合物1为聚酮类新化合物，命名为3-甲氧基细链格孢内酯B；化合物5有显著抗炎活性。

Objective To study the secondary metabolites and its biological activities of the endophyties Alternaria malvae derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, along with additional chromatographic techniques including normal-phase column chromatography, MPLC-ODS, MCI, and Sephadex LH-20, was employed to isolate and purify the secondary metabolites. NMR and mass spectrometry were then used to characterize the individual compounds. Results A total of seven compounds were isolated from the rice fermentation of A. malvae and identified as 3-methoxyalternolide B (1), 4'-epialtenuene (2), (＋)-(4'R,5'S,7'R)-altenuene (3), 4'-epi-dihydroaltenuene A (4), alternariol 5-methyl ether (5), alternariol (6) and altenuisol (7). Compound 1 was a new compound, Compounds 5 and 7 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with IC₅₀ values of (14.8±0.67) μmol/L and (27.76±2.75) μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new polyketone compound named 3-methoxyalternolide B. Compound 5 has significant anti-inflammatory activity.

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安徽省高校学科（专业）带头人培育项目（DTR2023026）;安徽省高等学校科学研究重点项目（2022AH050489）;中药研究与开发安徽省重点实验室开放课题（AKLPDCM202305）