道地药材是中医药文化的精髓和中华民族文化的瑰宝，其道地性评价不仅关系中药产业的科学健康发展，而且也是推动中医药事业现代化和国际化的关键。近年来盲目引种致使道地产区道地药材种质资源产生了错乱等问题。因此，首先从历史学角度综述了道地药材的发展历程，其基本脉络是古人以药效为中心逐渐认识到产地、生境、形态、采收时节和部位、加工炮制方法、储藏方法等因素对药效的作用，进而分别从“（本草）植物分类学”“遗传学”“生态学”“栽培学”“炮制学”和“药理学”等对道地性所蕴含科学内涵进行解析；然后，在此基础上，提出对某类药材某个基因型（或品种）的道地性评价体系。该评价体系首先是根据主流本草考证、遗传学、植物学、药理学、化学和代谢组学等分析结果，确定某类药材的“道地基因型居群”，并以此为标准，对此后该类药材的某个基因型（或品种）进行较为可靠的道地性评价，为植物药材道地性的特征辨识、规范种植、品质估测、道地评价、交易流通、综合保护和持续利用提供理论依据与技术参考。

Genuine medicinal materials are the essence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture and treasure of Chinese national culture, and its genuine evaluation is not only related to the healthy and scientific development of TCM industry, but also the key to promote the modernization and internationalization of TCM. In recent years, blind introduction of species has caused problems such as disorder in the germplasm resources of genuine medicinal materials in genuine producing areas. Therefore, this paper reviews the development history of genuine medicinal materials from perspective of historiography, which basic context is that the ancient people gradually realized the effects of origin, habitat, form, harvesting season and location, processing methods, storage methods, and other factors on medicinal effects with the drug effect as the center. Then the scientific connotation of genuineness in genuine medicinal materials was analyzed from the aspects of “(herbal) plant taxonomy”, “genetics”, “ecology”, “cultivation”, “processing”, and “pharmacology”. On this basis, a system was proposed for evaluating the genuineness of a certain genotype (or variety) of a certain type of herb. The initial stage of this evaluation system is to ascertain the “genuine genotype populations” of a specific type of genuine medicinal materials, based on the findings of mainstream herbological, genetic, botanical, pharmacological, chemical and metabolomic analyses. This is subsequently employed as a foundation for a more precise evaluation of the veracity of a specific genotype (or variety) of the same category of medicinal herb in the future. This system provides a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the identification of genuineness of plant medicinal materials, standardization of cultivation, quality estimation, genuineness evaluation, trading and circulation, comprehensive protection and sustainable utilization.

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国家中药材产业技术体系山药栽培技术岗位资助项目（CARS-21-02A）