人参属PanaxL.是重要的药用植物资源，具有广阔开发前景，备受国内外关注。随着植物化学和分子生物学研究深入，人参属资源研究取得显著进展，资源保护和合理开发成为当务之急。人参属遗传多样性是研究的重要方面，新品种选育取得显著成果，此外多组学技术在揭示次生代谢物质生物合成、生长发育等机制中发挥重要作用。但种质资源评价与利用程度较低、育种和繁育技术有待提升。从人参属资源分类、构成及保护现状、遗传多样性和新品种选育及多组学研究和皂苷合成等方面，概述了人参属种质资源开发利用、育种研究及存在问题，为人参属药用植物资源的开发与利用提供理论参考。

Panax is an important medicinal plant, which has a broad development prospect and attracts much attention at home and abroad. With the deepening our understanding of phytochemistry and molecular biology, remarkable progress has been made in the research of Panax resources. Resource protection and rational development have become urgent tasks. Genetic diversity of Panax genus is an important aspect of research, and remarkable achievements have been made in the breeding of new varieties. In addition, multi-omics technology plays an important role in revealing the mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, growth and development. However, the evaluation and utilization of germplasm resources are low, and the propagation and cultivation techniques need to be optimized. In this review, the development and utilization of germplasm resources of Panax and its problems in breeding were summarized from the aspects of classification, composition and conservation, genetic diversity, new varieties breeding, multi-omics studies and saponin synthesis, which provided theoretical reference for the development and utilization of medicinal plant resources of Panax.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(32260095);云南省重大科技专项(202102AA100052,202102AA310048);云南种子种业联合实验室(202205AR07000113,202305AR340004)