茯苓多糖是茯苓菌核、菌丝体及发酵液的主要活性物质之一，具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗抑郁、保肝健胃、提高记忆力及镇静催眠等活性，但其构效关系一直未得到充分解析，且茯苓菌核不同部位和通过不同培养工艺合成的茯苓多糖结构也普遍存在差异，因此仅依赖经典的总多糖含量分析方法无法实现对茯苓多糖结构和活性的客观评价，有必要开展有关茯苓多糖的构效关系探索，并建立可实现对茯苓多糖进行定性、定量分析的系统评价方法，助力茯苓多糖的科学应用与开发。基于此，对茯苓多糖的结构、生物活性进行系统综述，在此基础上探讨其构效关系，为茯苓多糖的科学分析、结构修饰、生物合成及综合开发提供参考。

Fuling (Wolfiporia hoelen) polysaccharides (WHP), one of the main active substances in the sclerotia, mycelia and fermentation broth of Wolfiporia hoelen, are composed of more than ten monosaccharides linked through glucosidic bonds, and show a series of multiple activities including immune regulation, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-depression, liver and stomach protection, memory enhancement, and sedative and hypnotic effects. However, the structure-activity relationship of WHP has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, the structures of WHP isolated from different parts of sclerotia of Wolfiporia hoelen or biosynthesized through different culture processes are also generally different. Consequently, classical total polysaccharide content analysis methods alone are insufficient for an objective evaluation of WHP’s structures and activities. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the structure-activity relationships of WHP and to establish a systematic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis to improve its scientific application and development. This review systematically summarizes the structures and biological activities of WHP, and discusses the structure-activity relationship of WHP systemically, which could provide a comprehensive reference for the scientific analysis, structural modification, biosynthesis and comprehensive development of WHP.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(81973211/C0033375);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ8168);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2402180);湖南中医药大学研究生创新课题(校行研字[2023]21号-2023CX139);湖南中医药大学"十四五"重点学科-生物工程学科(校行发规字[2023]2号)