类风湿性关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis，RA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，容易导致炎症、疼痛和功能障碍。NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3（NOD like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3，NLRP3）在RA的发生发展中具有重要作用。细胞焦亡作为一种程序性细胞死亡方式，同样被发现与RA的病理过程密切相关。研究表明，NLRP3炎症小体的启动与激活可介导细胞焦亡的发生，进而引起RA的炎症及关节损伤等过程。中医药治疗RA于近年来受到广泛关注，其机制多为抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活与细胞焦亡发生。探讨了NLRP3炎症小体作为治疗靶点的应用前景。旨在为了解RA的病理机制及未来开发新的治疗策略提供可能的研究方向。

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, pain, and functional impairment. NOD like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) plays a crucial regulatory role in the occurrence and development of RA. Pyroptosis, as a programmed cell death mode, has also been found to be closely related to the pathological process of RA. Research has shown that the initiation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes can mediate the occurrence of pyroptosis, leading to inflammation and joint injury in RA. The treatment of RA with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has received widespread attention in recent years, and its mechanism is mostly to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the occurrence of pyroptosis. Exploring the application prospects of NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target. The purpose of the article is to provide possible research directions for understanding the pathological mechanisms of RA and developing new treatment strategies in the future.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（81903938）;天津市科技局重大专项与工程计划项目（21ZXJBSY00040）