目的 对不同产地黄精属种质的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行评价，为后续开展黄精育种和种质资源研究工作提供理论依据和技术基础。方法 搜集了来自全国各地8个省的23份黄精属资源，利用形态性状、保守DNA衍生多态性（conserved DNA-derived polymorphism，CDDP）、相关序列扩增多态性（sequence-related amplified polymorphism，SRAP）、目标起始密码子多态性（start codon targeted polymorphism，SCoT）分子标记对23份黄精属种质进行遗传多样性和聚类分析。结果 对收集的黄精属种质材料的形态性状进行差异性分析，发现8个形态性状指标变异程度较大，变异系数为24.10%～76.46%，均大于10%，依据黄精属种质叶的着生位置，23份黄精属种质被划分为轮生和互生叶系2大类群。利用正交试验优化后的CDDP、SRAP、SCoT分子标记PCR反应程序，对黄精属进行遗传多样性和聚类分析，发现CDDP标记的聚类结果更符合地理分布情况；SRAP能较好地区分基原植物；SCoT与地理分布呈现一定程度的吻合；而CDDP＋SRAP＋SCoT的结合，不但能较好地区分不同基原植物，而且呈现一定地理分布规律。结论 利用形态学及分子标记对不同产地黄精属种质的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行评价，为开展黄精育种和种质资源研究工作提供理论依据和技术基础。

Objective To evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of germplasm in the genus Polygonatum from different regions, providing theoretical and technical basis for subsequent research on Polygonatum breeding and germplasm resources. Methods A total of 23 Polygonatum germplasm resources from eight provinces were collected. Genetic diversity and cluster analysis were conducted on 23 Polygonatum germplasm using morphological traits, CDDP, SRAP, and SCoT molecular markers. Results A differential analysis was conducted on the morphological traits of collected Polygonatumgermplasm materials, and it was found that the eight morphological traits had a significant degree of variation, with coefficients of variation ranging from 24.10% to 76.46%, all exceeding 10%. Morphological data clustering showed that 23 germplasm of Polygonatumgenus are divided into two major groups: rotifer and alternate leaf systems based on their leaf positions. Using the optimized CDDP, SRAP, and SCoT molecular marker PCR reaction programs through orthogonal experiments, genetic diversity and cluster analysis were conducted on the genus Polygonatum. It was found that the clustering results of CDDP markers were more in line with the actual geographical distribution situation; SRAP can better distinguish primitive plants; SCoT showed a certain degree of consistency with geographical distribution; And CDDP + SRAP + SCoT not only can distinguish different primitive plants well, but also exhibit certain geographical distribution patterns.Conclusion Evaluating the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Polygonatum germplasm from different regions using morphological and molecular markers can provide theoretical and technical basis for subsequent Polygonatum breeding and germplasm resource research.

R286.12

安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目（YJS20210201）