泄泻是一种临床表现为大便质地稀薄，排便频次与排便量均增多的胃肠道病症，缠绵难愈，给患者的生活质量带来严重影响，而在治疗上，中医药展现出了独特的优势。众多研究表明，肠道菌群失衡乃引发泄泻的关键因素之一。中药复方凭借其多组分、多靶点的综合效应，能够有效调节肠道菌群及其代谢产物平衡，通过多种途径改善泄泻，如抑制肠道炎症、修复肠道屏障、抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴活性失调等。通过聚焦于不同中医证候泄泻的肠道菌群特征，系统梳理了常用的中药复方对这些特征的调控作用，并深入探讨了肠道菌群在泄泻发病中的作用机制，为中药复方治疗泄泻及相关肠道疾病提供更为坚实的理论支撑。

Diarrhea, which is clinically manifested by loose stool and an increased volume of defecation, is a common gastrointestinal disease. It is persistent and difficult to cure, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has certain advantages in its treatment. Numerous studies have shown that intestinal flora imbalance is one of the main factors triggering diarrhea. By leveraging their multi-component and multi-target effects, TCM compounds can effectively regulate the balance of intestinal flora and their metabolites, thereby improving diarrhea through various mechanisms, such as inhibiting intestinal inflammation, repairing intestinal barriers, and suppressing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. Therefore, this article focuses on the characteristics of intestinal flora in diarrhea with different TCM syndromes, reviews the regulatory effects of TCM compounds, and explores the mechanism of intestinal flora involvement in diarrhea, aiming to provide a more sufficient theoretical basis for treatment of diarrhea and other intestinal diseases with TCM compounds.

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山西省基础研究计划青年项目（202203021222271）;山西中医药大学博士科研启动基金（2023BK01）;山西省卫健委中医药科研课题（2023ZYYC066）;山西中医药大学科技创新团队（2022TD2007）;中药生命组学与创新药物研发研究室（zyyjs2024019）