溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis，UC）是一种高复发率的炎症性肠病。研究表明微生物生态失调和肠道免疫异常是在UC中引发一系列炎症反应的关键因素。调节肠道微生物-肠道免疫环路被认为是缓解UC的关键策略之一。已有研究表明中药复方、中药单体、中药提取物及其衍生物通过调节肠道微生物菌群参与肠道免疫的调控，达到对UC的保护作用。临床试验表明部分中药在治疗UC方面已取得显著的效果。通过从微生物菌群参与肠道免疫调节和肠道稳态的机制方面，探讨目前利用中药治疗UC的研究进展，并进一步对现有的中药治疗UC的临床试验进行总结，为促进中药资源的开发利用和UC的新药研发提供科学参考。

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with high recurrence rate. Studies have shown that microbial ecological imbalance and intestinal immune abnormalities is triggered a series of inflammatory response of the key factors in UC. Modulation of gut microbiota-gut immune circuit is considered to be one of the key strategies for alleviating UC. Existing research indicated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds, single-body active components of TCM, TCM extracts and their derivatives have a protective effect on UC by regulating intestinal microbial flora and participating in regulation of intestinal immunity. Clinical trials have shown that some TCM have achieved significant effects in treatment of UC. This article discuss the current research progress of TCM in treatment of UC from perspective of mechanism of microbial flora participating in intestinal immune regulation and intestinal homeostasis, and further summarizes the existing clinical trials of TCM in treatment of UC, and provides a scientific reference for promoting the development and utilization of TCM resources and the research and development of new drugs for UC.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82370364）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（82170424）