目的 通过测算补中益气汤（Buzhong Yiqi Decoction，BYD）单味中药、配伍组合及复方的HPLC指纹图谱印迹特征参数及总量统计矩相似度，探讨BYD配伍理论的科学内涵。方法 根据BYD复方中君臣佐使、药性组方规律将各单味中药重新进行配伍分组，采用HPLC法测定8个单味中药、22个配伍组合及复方的指纹图谱，并运用总量统计矩相似度等方法进行定性定量分析。结果 BYD单味中药、君臣佐使及四性组合到复方的峰数、零阶矩、信息熵、信息量传递率不足100%；五味组合到复方的峰数、零阶矩、信息量传递率高于100%；归经组合的峰数、零阶矩传递率高于100%，说明四性、五味、归经等不同层面药性的传递性存在差异。单味中药中当归Angelicae Sinensis Radix、炙黄芪Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle、柴胡Bupleuri Radix与复方的总量统计矩相似度较高，分别为0.913±0.076、0.867±0.040、0.820±0.071；君臣佐使配伍组合，君药（炙黄芪）、君＋臣组合（炙黄芪＋炙甘草Glycyrrhizae Radix et RhizomaPraeparata Cum Melle、党参Codonopsis Radix、炒白术fried Atractylodis MacrocephalaeRhizoma）与复方的总量统计矩相似度最高，分别为0.867±0.040、0.836±0.026，核心药味为炙黄芪；四气组合与复方的总量统计矩相似度最高的是热性组合，为0.864±0.042，核心药味为炙黄芪、当归和陈皮Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium；五味组合与复方的总量统计矩相似度最高的是甘味组合，为0.890±0.025，核心药味为炙黄芪、当归；归经组合与复方相似度最高的是肝经组合，为0.899±0.059，其次是脾经组合，为0.847±0.018，归肝经的核心药味为当归、柴胡，归脾经的核心药味为当归、陈皮、升麻Cimicifugae Rhizoma。结论 BYD复方药性趋向于热性，甘味，归肝、脾经，其不同层次的药性由相应的药味传递而来，其中炙黄芪是处方中核心药味，其次则是当归；为中药复方配伍及复方药性的现代化研究奠定基础。

Objective To explore the scientific connotation of the compatibility theory of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (BYD, 补中益气汤) by calculating the characteristic parameters and total statistical moments similarity of HPLC fingerprint spectra of single drug, combination and compound formula of BYD. Methods According to the rules of the combination of monarch-minister-assistant-guide (君-臣-佐-使) and medicinal properties in the formula of BYD, each single drug was reorganized into compatibility groups. HPLC was used to determine the fingerprints of eight single drugs, 22 compatibility combinations, and the compound. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted using methods such as total statistical moment similarity. Results The transmission rate of single herb BYD, monarch-minister-assistant-guide, and the combination of the four properties to the peak number, zero moment, information entropy, and information content of the compound is less than 100%; the combination of five flavor to compound peaks, zero moment, and information content exceeding 100%; the peak number and zero moment of the combination of channel tropism are higher than 100%, indicating that there are differences in the transmission of medicinal properties at different levels such as the four properties, five flavor, channel tropism. Among the single herbs, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, ASR), Zhihuangqi (Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle, ARPCM), and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, BR) have high similarity with the compound, with values of 0.913 ±0.076, 0.867 ±0.040, and 0.820 ±0.071, respectively; the combination of monarch drug (ARPCM) and monarch + minister combination [(ARPCM + Zhigancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle, GRRPCM), Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix, CR), and chaobaizhu (fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, fAMR)] has the highest similarity with the compound formula, with values of 0.867 ±0.040 and 0.836 ±0.026, respectively; the highest similarity between the four properties combination and the compound formula is the thermal properties combination (0.864 ±0.042), with the core medicinal flavors being ARPCM, ASR, and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, CRP); the highest similarity between the five flavor combination and the compound formula is the sweet flavor combination (0.890 ±0.025), with the core medicinal flavors being ARPCM, ASR; the liver-channel tropism combination has the highest similarity with the compound formula (0.899 ±0.059), followed by the spleen-channel tropism combination (0.847 ±0.018). The core medicinal flavors of the liver-channel tropism are ASR and BR, while the core medicinal flavors of the spleen-channel tropism are ASR, CRP and Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, CR). Conclusion The formula of BYD tends to be thermal properties, sweet flavor, and belongs to liver-channel tropism and spleen-channel tropism. Its different levels of medicinal properties are transmitted from the corresponding medicinal taste, among which ARPCM is the core medicinal taste in the prescription, while ASR is also important. This study lays the foundation for modern research on the compatibility and properties of traditional Chinese medicine formulas.

R283.6

中央本级重大增减支项目（2060302）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（82360782）;江西省自然科学基金资助项目（20232BAB206170）;江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（GJJ2400812）;江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（GJJ2200975）;江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目（2021B617）;江西中医药大学科研基金资助项目（2021BSZR010）;江西中医药大学校级科技创新团队发展计划（CXTD22007）;江西省“大学生创新创业训练计划”（S202410412067）