薯蓣属植物作为一个重要的药用类群，其分子生物学研究受到了普遍的关注。分子生物学技术在薯蓣属植物中的应用不仅可以有效地解决近缘物种及混伪品的鉴别问题，同时还可促进其优良品种的开发与利用。从遗传多样性、种质资源、分子鉴定、系统进化、物种起源和功能基因多组学角度，对分子生物学技术在薯蓣属植物中的应用进行了全面的综述，并分析了现存的问题及未来发展，以期为薯蓣属植物种质资源的深度开发与可持续利用提供有价值的参考。

Dioscorea species belong to a significant medicinal phytogroup, and the studies of molecular biology on them have attracted general attention. The application of molecular biology technology in Dioscorea can not only effectively solve the problems of identifying closely related species and distinguishing confusable varieties, but also improve the development and utilization of quality varieties. This paper comprehensively reviewed the application of molecular biology technology in Dioscorea plants from the perspectives of genetic diversity, germplasm resources, molecular identification, phyletic evolution, species origin, and functional gene multiomics, and analyzed current issues and future developments. It is expected to provide a valuable reference for the in-depth development and sustainable utilization of Dioscorea plant resources.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U22A20369);国家自然科学基金面上项目(82373980)