流感在临床上普遍的症状包括咳嗽、发热和头痛等，同时还伴有腹痛、呕吐和腹泻等胃肠道感染样症状。近年来，大量研究证实肠道菌群代谢调控在流感发病过程及中药治疗过程中具有重要作用，提示从肠道菌群代谢的角度研究流感发病机制及抗流感药物具有广阔前景。研究发现，中药复方及单体成分在治疗流感过程中能够改善宿主肠道菌群紊乱，同时肠道菌群代谢物胆汁酸也具有控制炎症反应、保护肠道屏障、调节肠道免疫的功效。通过从流感和抗流感中药在肠道菌群代谢及肠道免疫方面进行综述，为中药抗流感作用机制提供科学依据，也为流感所引的肠道反应机制研究和抗流感新靶点新途径提供借鉴。

In clinical settings, influenza commonly presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, and headache, often accompanied by gastrointestinal manifestations including abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Recent research has substantiated the pivotal role of intestinal microbiota metabolism regulation in both the pathogenesis of influenza and the therapeutic processes involving traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This underscores the potential for investigating the pathogenesis of influenza and anti-influenza drug development through the lens of intestinal microbiota metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that TCM compounds and individual constituents can mitigate dysbiosis within host intestinal microbiota during influenza treatment. Furthermore, bile acids—metabolic byproducts of intestinal microbiota—exert multifaceted effects encompassing control over inflammatory responses, preservation of intestinal barriers, and modulation of intestinal immunity. By offering a comprehensive survey on the interplay between intestinal microbiota metabolism and immunity in relation to both influenza pathology and TCM-based anti-influenza interventions, this review furnishes scientific rationale for comprehending the mechanisms underpinning the anti-influenza properties of TCM. Moreover, it provides valuable insights into exploring gastrointestinal reactions induced by influenza as well as devising novel targets and strategies for anti-influenza therapeutics.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(82274397);"新高校20条"资助项目(自主培养创新团队)(2021GXRC028);山东省自然基金项目(中医药联合基金)(ZR2021LZY012);2023年度济南市市校融合发展战略工程项目(JNSX2023054