目的 探究土壤消毒和添加有机物料对改善三七Panax notoginseng土壤环境、提高出苗率和降低发病率的影响机制，提出克服三七连作障碍的土壤消毒和有机改良方案，为三七优质高产提供依据。方法 以一年生三七为试验对象，设置土壤蒸汽消毒机消毒（Y）、生石灰消毒（X）2个消毒条件；粉碎的玉米秸秆1 000 kg/hm²（J）、有机土壤基质15 000 kg/hm²（G）、秸秆＋有机土壤基质（JG）3种添加有机物料的方法；采用完全组合设计，共8个处理。观测处理前后及三七苗期土壤养分、微生物数量、酶活性、三七形态、出苗率和发病率。结果 蒸汽机和生石灰消毒均显著降低土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌数量，其中蒸汽机消毒效果强于生石灰消毒；添加秸秆、有机土显著提升土壤养分及三七根区土壤微生物数量和酶活性。蒸汽机消毒并添加秸秆（YJ）或同时添加秸秆和有机土（YJG）以及生石灰消毒并添加秸秆（XJ）最有利于三七苗期株高和茎粗的生长。土壤消毒联合添加秸秆、有机土处理可显著降低三七发病率（7.08%～23.84%），显著低于CK 70.30%。结论 土壤消毒和添加有机物料可改善土壤环境、促进三七生长、降低三七发病率，缓解三七连作障碍。因蒸汽消毒添加秸秆、有机土或生石灰消毒添加秸秆改善连作条件下土壤性质及提升三七健康生长的综合效益最佳，可作为三七种植管理中的优先推荐方案。

Objective The influence mechanism of soil disinfection and organic materials addition on improving the soil environment, increasing the emergence rate and reducing the incidence rate of Panax notoginseng were studied in order to propose a soil disinfection and organic improvement scheme to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping of P. notoginseng, so as to provide a basis for the high quality and high yield of P. notoginseng. Methods Taking one-year-old P. notoginseng as the experimental object, this study sets up two disinfection conditions, Y (soil steam sterilizer disinfection) and X (quicklime disinfection), and add three organic materials methods, J (Crushed corn straw 1 000 kg/hm²), G (organic soil matrix 15 000 kg/hm²) and JG (straw+organic soil matrix) .In addition, this study adopts complete combination design, with 8 treatments in total. Finally, this study observes soil nutrients, microbial quantity, enzyme activity, morphology, emergence rate and morbidity of P. notoginseng before and after treatment and at seedling stage of P. notoginseng. Results Steam engine and quicklime disinfection significantly reduce the number of soil fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, and the steam engine disinfection effect is stronger than quicklime disinfection. The addition of straw and organic can soil significantly improve soil nutrients, microbial quantity and enzyme activity in the root zone of P. notoginseng. Steam engine disinfection and adding straw (YJ) or adding straw and organic soil (YJG) and quicklime disinfection and adding straw (XJ) are most beneficial to the growth of plant height and stem diameter of P. notoginseng seedlings. Soil disinfection combined with straw and organic soil treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity of P. notoginseng (7.08%—23.84%), which is significantly lower than CK 70.30%. Conclusion Soil disinfection and improvement can improve the soil environment, promote the growth of P. notoginseng, reduce the incidence of P. notoginseng, and alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping of P. notoginseng. Steam disinfection adding straw, organic soil or quicklime disinfection with straw has the best comprehensive benefits in improving soil properties and promoting the healthy growth of P. notoginseng under continuous cropping conditions, which can be used as the preferred recommendation scheme in P. notoginseng planting management.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979134);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779113);云南省高校特色作物高效用水与绿色生产重点实验室(KKPS201923009);云南省基础研究重点项目(CB22052C055A)