目的 比较阴干品、晒干品、低温烘干品、高温烘干品、略烫后晒干品这5种太子参Pseudostellariae Radix加工品的挥发性成分差异，探讨略烫后晒干品与其他加工品气味差异的物质基础，建立基于气味特征的略烫后晒干品快速识别模型。方法 基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，HS-SPME-GC-MS）鉴定不同加工品的挥发性成分，结合AromChemBase数据库筛选出能够代表太子参“特异气味”的成分，凭借正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA）比较略烫后晒干品与其他加工品气味成分的主要差异。利用Heracles NEO超快速气相电子鼻分析气味特征，结合Alpha Soft 7.2.8分析软件尝试建立基于气味性状的略烫后晒干品的快速识别模型。结果 从阴干品、晒干品、低温烘干品、高温烘干品、略烫后晒干品5种太子参加工品中总共鉴定出46种挥发性成分，分别鉴定出40、42、42、41、29种成分，共有挥发性成分16种。庚醛、反式-2-庚烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-正戊基呋喃、3-辛烯-2-酮、2-乙酰基吡咯、3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪、土臭素这9种成分可能与太子参“特异气味”有关。略烫后晒干品相对于其他加工品，主要的气味差异成分为15种，其中土臭素、2-正戊基呋喃、2-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛烯-2-酮这5种“特异气味”成分均较低，萘、麦芽酚、柠檬烯等香气成分均较高。主成分分析与软独立建模分析结果显示，略烫后晒干品与其他加工品之间的气味特征差异明显，模型验证得分接近100。结论 不同加工品的挥发性成分存在差异。相对于直接晒干品、阴干品、烘干品，略烫后晒干品中类似泥土、农药、霉变的“特异气味”得到明显的减轻或改善，这为相关产品的矫臭研究提供借鉴。另外，略烫后晒干的太子参药材还能够利用超快速气相电子鼻实现快速识别，从而服务于实际生产。

Objective The odor differences of five processed products of Taizishen (Pseudostellariae Radix, PR) were compared, including shade-dried products, sun-dried products, low-temperature dried products, high-temperature dried products and sun-dried products after slight scalding. To explore the material basis of odor difference between sun-dried products after slight scalding and other processed products. A rapid identification model of sun-dried products after slight scalding based on odor characteristics was established. Methods The volatile components of different processed products were identified based on headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Combined with the AromChemBase database, the components that can represent the “specific odor” of PR were screened out. The main differences in odor components between sun-dried products after slight scalding and other processed products were compared by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Using Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose to analyze odor characteristics, combined with Alpha Soft 7.2.8 analysis software, a rapid identification model of slightly scalded sun-dried products based on odor characteristics was established. Results A total of 46 volatile components were identified from five processed products of PR, including shade-dried products, sun-dried products, low-temperature dried products, high-temperature dried products, and sun-dried products after slight scalding, and 40, 42, 42, 41, and 29 components were identified respectively, there are 16 kinds of volatile components. Heptaldehyde, trans-2-heptenal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-pentylfuran, 3-octen-2-one, 2-acetylpyrrole, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine and geosmin may be related to the “specific odor” of PR. Compared with other processed products, 15 compounds were the main odor difference components in the sun-dried products after slight blanching. Among them, the “specific odor” components such as geosmin, 2-pentylfuran, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 1-octen-3-ol, and 3-octen-2-one were lower, and the aroma components such as naphthalene, methyl maltol, and limonene were higher. Principal component analysis and soft independent modeling analysis showed that there were significant differences in odor characteristics between sun-dried products after slight scalding and other processed products, and the verification score was close to 100. Conclusion The volatile components of different processed products are different. Compared with direct sun-dried products, shade-dried products and oven-dried products, the “specific odor” similar to soil, pesticides and mildew in sun-dried products after slight scalding was significantly reduced or improved, which provided a reference for the study of odor correction of related products. In addition, the sun-dried PR after slight scalding can also be quickly identified by ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose, thus contributing to practical production.

R283.6

国家自然科学基金项目(81960715);江西省重点研发计划"揭榜挂帅"项目(20223BBG71001)