目的 分析苹婆Sterculia monosperma的叶绿体基因组结构信息，以及苹婆属的种间亲缘关系，为苹婆属的系统发育和物种鉴定研究提供参考。方法 基于DNBSEQ测序平台，对苹婆叶绿体基因组进行测序，利用生物信息学手段进行组装、注释和结构分析，并与从NCBI下载的假苹婆S. lanceolata、西蜀苹婆S. lanceifolia、小花苹婆S. micrantha、粉苹婆S. euosma和短柄苹婆S. brevissima 5种苹婆属植物的叶绿体基因组进行多序列比对和系统发育等相关分析。结果 苹婆叶绿体基因组具有典型的四分体结构，全长为160 178 bp，总GC含量为37.0%，编码130个基因，得到109条SSR序列，显示30条序列的RSCU大于1。6种苹婆属相关比对分析可知苹婆属叶绿体基因组序列具有一定相似性，大单拷贝区（large single-copy region，LSC）存在9个不同程度差异片段，Pi值显示有4个片段有高变异性，系统发育树表明假苹婆和粉苹婆、西蜀苹婆和小花苹婆亲缘关系更近，短柄苹婆和苹婆相对独立。结论 解析了苹婆的叶绿体基因组结构和特征，探究了苹婆属植物种间亲缘关系，为苹婆属物种鉴定、资源保护和开发及系统进化提供理论依据。

Objective To provide reference for phylogeny and species identification Sterculia L. by studying the chloroplast genome structure information of Sterculia monosperma and genetic relationship between species of Sterculia L. Methods Based on the DNBSEQ sequencing platform, the chloroplast genome of S. monosperma was sequenced, and bioinformatics methods were used to assemble, annotate and structurally analyze it. The multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic correlation were carried out between the chloroplast genomes of S. monosperma and five species of Sterculia L. from NCBI, including S. lanceolata, S. lanceifolia, S. micrantha, S. euosma, S. brevissima. Results The chloroplast genome of S. monosperma has a typical tetrad structure, with the total length of 160 178 bp, the total GC content of 37.0%, and encoding 130 genes. A total of 109 SSR sequences are obtained, showing that the RSCU of 30 sequences was greater than 1. The related comparison analysis of six species of Sterculia L. shows that the chloroplast genome sequences have certain similarities. There are nine fragments with varying degrees of difference in the large single-copy region (LSC) region. The Pi value shows that four fragments have high variability. The phylogenetic tree shows that S. lanceolata and S. euosma, S. lanceifolia and S. micrantha are more closely related, while S. brevissima and S. monosperma are relatively independent. Conclusion The structure and characteristics of the chloroplast genome of S. monosperma were analyzed, and the genetic relationship between species of Sterculia L. was explored, providing a theoretical basis for species identification, resource protection and development, and systematic evolution of Sterculia L..

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中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(2060302);广州中医药大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310572342);2020年度广东省科技特派员项目(KTP20200137)