目的 研究黑西洋参Panacis Quinquefolii Radix炮制过程中外观颜色和皂苷成分的变化，结合西洋参不同蒸烘样品的心脏保护活性，确定黑西洋参最佳蒸烘次数，为其炮制及质量评价提供参考。方法 制备西洋参不同蒸烘次数样品，使用色差仪测定西洋参生晒及不同蒸烘样品的色度值；采用HPLC法建立西洋参生晒及不同蒸烘样品HPLC指纹图谱，测定样品中人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅和5-羟甲基糠醛（5-hydroxymethylfurfural，5-HMF）及苯并芘9种指标成分含量；参照《中国药典》2020年版方法测定醇浸出物；利用Origin 2022软件对上述成分含量与色度值进行相关性分析；运用聚类分析确定黑西洋参的炮制节点；并基于斑马鱼模型评价西洋参不同蒸烘次数样品的心脏保护活性，确定黑西洋参最佳蒸烘次数。结果 黑西洋参炮制过程中，不同蒸烘次数所得样品粉末的色度L^*、b^*和E_ab^*值总体呈下降趋势，a^*值呈先上升后下降趋势，ΔE_ab^*值呈上升趋势；人参皂苷Rg₁、Re含量呈先上升后下降的趋势；人参皂苷Rb₁含量在第2次蒸制后有所下降，随后呈先上升后下降的趋势；人参皂苷20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅和5-HMF含量前6次蒸烘过程呈上升趋势，第7次蒸烘后略有下降，随后再次上升；浸出物含量变化较为波动，主要呈下降趋势；西洋参蒸烘样品的色度L^*、a^*、b^*、E_ab^*、ΔE_ab^*值与人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅和5-HMF 8种成分含量均具显著相关性（P＜0.05、0.01），其中ΔE_ab^*值与人参皂苷20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅和5-HMF含量均呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）。聚类结果显示，五蒸五烘可作为黑西洋参的炮制节点，活性实验结果显示五蒸五烘样品对斑马鱼的心脏保护活性最显著，且心脏修复率最高，为96.04%，黑西洋参最佳蒸烘次数为五蒸五烘。结论 性状-化学-活性相结合可作为研究黑西洋参炮制过程、筛选及验证工艺的新模式，色度结合人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、20(S)-Rg₃、20(R)-Rg₃、Rk₁、Rg₅含量测定可用于控制黑西洋参的质量。

Objective To study the changes in appearance and chemical composition during the processing in nine steaming and nine drying of black Xiyangshen (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, PQR) (bPQR), and to research the heart protective effect of different repeated steaming and oven-drying samples of PQR, to determine the best times of repeated steaming and oven-drying, and to provide reference for the processing process of bPQR. Methods To prepare the different repeat steaming and oven-drying samples of PQR. The chromaticity values of raw and different repeated steaming and oven-drying samples of PQR were measured by the colorimeter. The HPLC fingerprint of above samples were established and the contents of nine components were determined by HPLC including ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, 20(S)-Rg₃, 20(R)-Rg₃, Rk₁, Rg₅, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and benzo(α)pyrene. The content of alcohol extract was determined according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020; The correlation analysis between the above components and the colormatic values were conducted using Origin 2022 software; To determine the processing node of bPQR using cluster analysis. To choose the optimal time for bPQR by evaluating the heart protection activity of PQR during nine repeating steaming and oven-drying based on Zebra fish model. Results With the increase times of repeating steaming and oven-drying, the values of L^*, b^* and E_ab^* showed an overall downward trend, the a^* value showed an upward trend and then a downward trend, and the ΔE_ab^* value showed an upward trend. The contents of ginsenoside Rg₁, Re first increased and then decreased. The content of ginsenoside Rb₁ showed a downward trend at the second repeating steaming and oven-drying, and then showed a trend of first rising and then falling. The contents of ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg₃, 20(R)-Rg₃, Rk₁, Rg₅ and 5-HMF increased at first and at the seventh repeating steaming and oven-drying showed a downward trend and then again. The content of alcohol extract is fluctuating and mainly showed a downward trend. There were significant correlation between the values of L^*, a^*, b^*, E_ab^*, ΔE_ab^* and the contents of ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, 20(S)-Rg₃, 20(R)-Rg₃, Rk₁, Rg₅ and 5-HMF (P < 0.05, 0.01); The values of ΔE_ab^* were significantly positively correlated with the contents of ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg₃, 20(R)-Rg₃, Rk₁, Rg₅ and 5-HMF (P < 0.01). The fifth repeating steaming and oven-drying could be used as processing nodes for bPQR, and its heart repair rate was 96.04%. The fifth repeating steaming and oven-drying was the optimal time for bPQR. Conclusion Character-chemicals-bioactivities analysis can be used as a new model for studying the processing of bPQR, and the combination of chroma values and saponins content can be used to control the quality of bPQR.

R283.6

吉林省科技发展计划项目( 20240305014YY)