目的 研究天麻Gastrodia elata根状茎的化学成分及其抗氧化和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。方法 综合运用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、Toyopearl HW-40F及半制备液相色谱等现代分离技术进行分离纯化，根据化合物的波谱数据、理化性质和量子化学计算的方法进行结构鉴定。结果 从天麻的80%乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物，并通过1D-和2D-NMR、HR-ESI-MS等现代波谱技术和量子化学计算的方法鉴定结构，分别为4-[2-(2S-羟丙基)乙基]苯酚（1）、番麻皂素（2）、β-谷甾醇（3）、当归醇B（4）、当归醇A（5）、当归醇G（6）、对羟基苯甲醇（7）、对羟苄基甲醚（8）、5-羟甲基糠醛（9）和7β-羟基谷甾醇（10）。结论 化合物1是1个新的酚类化合物，命名为天麻苯酚素A。化合物2、4～6和10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。化合物1、7、8具有较好的抗氧化活性，化合物7对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有良好的抑制作用。

Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from Gastrodia elata and evaluate its antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography of silica gel, Sephadex LH-20、Toyopearl HW-40F, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were established on the basis of spectral and physicochemical properties and quantum chemistry computational methods. Results A total of 10 compounds were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of G. elata, which were elucidated as gaphenol A (1), hecogenin (2), β-sitosterol (3), angelol B (4), angelol A (5), angelol G (6), p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (7), 4-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether (8), 5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde (9), and 7β-hydroxysitosterol (10) through 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS and other modern spectral techniques and quantum chemistry computational methods. Conclusion Compound 1 was a new phenolic compounds, named gaphenol A. Compounds 2, 4—6, and 10 were isolated from Gastrodia for the first time. Compounds 1, 7, and 8 exhibited better antioxidant activities. In addition, compound 7had inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase.

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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600400);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-248);西安市科技计划项目(20NYYF0043);陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020TD-050)