随着对中药药效物质研究的不断深入，萜类、生物碱类、黄酮类、醌类、多糖等中药活性成分不仅具备显著的药理活性，而且展现出作为药物递送纳米载体的潜能。这些成分可以通过自组装、共组装或人工合成等形成胶束、聚合物、脂质体、纳米粒、水凝胶、乳液等多种药物递送纳米载体，从而提高药效、改善药性、实现药物共递释、减少不良反应。通过对近年来中药活性成分作为纳米载体材料在药物递送系统中的应用进行总结，分析了这些化合物形成药物递送纳米载体的机制，并展望了中药活性成分作为纳米载体材料在药物递送系统领域的发展潜力。有助于为中药活性成分实现“药辅合一”开辟新的研究方向，为中药现代化提供新的研究热点。

In recent years, with the increasing depth of the research on effective substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, polysaccharides and other active ingredients of TCM not only have significant pharmacological activities, but also show the potential as drug delivery carriers. These compounds can form drug delivery nanocarriers like micelles, polymers, liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and emulsions by various means including self-assembly, co-assembly, and artificial synthesis, so as to enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improve drug properties, and realize drug co-delivery and reduce toxic side effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent progress on active ingredients of TCM as drug delivery nanocarriers, analyzes the underlying mechanisms, and discusses the potential prospects of active ingredients from TCM as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. It can not only open up new research directions for “unification of medicines and excipients”, but also provide fresh research perspectives for the modernization of TCM.

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江苏省自然科学基金青年资助项目（BK20230462）;江苏省高等学校基础科学（自然科学）研究面上项目（23KJB360010）;江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心开放课题重点项目（ZDXM-2023-17）;国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目—中药资源化学（zyyzdxk-2023083）