目的 对仲景炮附子Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata及4种现代炮附子理化性质和毒效物质基础进行对比研究，为仲景炮附子的现代炮制生产提供依据。方法 以饮片质构特征、淀粉粒形态特征、多糖含量、生物碱含量等为指标，比较4种现代炮附子与仲景炮附子的差异。结果 5种炮附子表面硬度、内部硬度及韧性值均呈现炮附片2（炒白附片）＞炮附片1（炒黑顺片）＞炒附片＞微波炮附子≈仲景炮附子；5种炮附子的淀粉红外吸收峰图谱相似，炒附片可明显观察到淀粉粒，其他4种炮附子的淀粉呈高度糊化。粗多糖得率为微波炮附子＞仲景炮附子＞炒附片＞炮附片2≈炮附片1。仲景炮附子与4种现代炮附子的生物碱含量均存在显著性差异，双酯型生物碱总含量为仲景炮附子＞微波炮附子＞炒附片＞炮附片 2≈炮附片1；单酯型生物碱总含量为微波炮附子＞炒附片＞仲景炮附子＞炮附片2＞炮附片1。微波炮附子与仲景炮附子生物碱总煎出率相近且高于其他3种炮附子。聚类分析以上指标，结果表明仲景炮附子和微波炮附子可聚为一类，炒附片、炮附片1和炮附片2聚为一类。结论 微波炮附子相较其他3种现代炮附子更符合仲景炮附子，且减毒效果更好，生产周期更短，工业化生产更简便，是仲景炮附子的现代传承与创新。

Objective To carry out the comparative study on the physicochemical properties and toxic substance basis of Zhongjing Paofuzi (processed Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) and four modern Paofuzi, so as to provide a basis for the modern processing and production of Zhongjing Paofuzi. Methods The differences between four modern Paofuzi and Zhongjing Paofuzi based on their texture characteristics, starch granule morphology, polysaccharide content, alkaloid content, and other indicators were compared. Results The surface hardness, internal hardness, and internal toughness all showed that Paofupian 2 (stir fried Baifupian) > Paofupian 1 (stir fried Heishunpian) > Chaofupian (stir fried Fupian) > microwave Paofuzi ≈ Zhongjing Paofuzi; The infrared absorption peaks of starch in the five types of Paofuzi were similar, but starch granules could be clearly observed in Chaofupian, while the starch in the other four types of Paofuzi showed a high degree of gelatinization. The yield of crude polysaccharides was in the sequence of microwave Paofuzi > Zhongjing Paofuzi > Chaofupian > Paofupian 2 ≈ Paofupian 1. There was a significant difference in the alkaloid content between Zhongjing Paofuzi and four modern Paofuzi; The total content of diester type alkaloids was Zhongjing Paofuzi > microwave Paofuzi > Chaofupian > Paofupian 2 ≈ Paofupian 1; The total content of monoester type alkaloids was microwave Paofuzi > Chaofuzi > Zhongjing Paofuzi > Paofupian 2 > Paofupian 1. The total extraction rate of alkaloids from microwave Paofuzi and Zhongjing Paofuzi was similar, but higher than the other three types of Paofuzi. Cluster analysis was used to comprehensively analyze the above indicators, and the results showed that the five types of Paofuzi can be divided into two categories. Among them, Zhongjing Paofuzi and microwave Paofuzi were clustered into one category, while Chaofupian, Paofupian 1 and Paofupian 2 were clustered into one category. Conclusion Compared with the other three modern types of Paofuzi, microwave Paofuzi is more in line with Zhongjing Paofuzi, with better detoxification effect, shorter production cycle, and easier industrial production. Microwave Paofuzi is the modern inheritance and innovation of Zhongjing Paofuzi.

R283.6

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（82304725）;四川省自然科学基金青年基金项目（2023NSFSC1777）;四川省中医药管理局科学技术研究专项课题（2023MS473）;四川省科技计划资助（2022YFS0429）