巴西苏木素是一种小分子高异黄酮类化合物，以S立体异构体形式广泛存在于豆科芸实属植物苏木Caesalpinia sappan的干燥心材中，且含量丰富。现代药理研究表明，巴西苏木素具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抑菌、血管舒张、降血糖、免疫调节和神经保护等多种生物学活性，在预防和治疗心血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病以及骨关节病等方面有着广阔的开发应用前景。因此，通过对巴西苏木素的药理作用及相关机制进行综述，重点总结巴西苏木素在发挥药效过程中可能涉及的重要靶点和分子信号通路，以期为巴西苏木素的研究开发和临床应用提供参考和依据

Brazilin is a small molecule high isoflavone compound, which is widely found in the dry heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan in the form of (S) stereoisomers, and is abundant in Sumu (Sappan Lignum). Modern pharmacological studies showed that brazilin has a variety of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, bacteriostatic, vasodilator, hypoglycemic, immune regulation and neuroprotection. It has broad prospects for development and application in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, tumors, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and osteoarthropathy. Therefore, this paper reviews the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of brazilin, and summarizes the important targets and molecular signaling pathways that brazilin may involve in the process of exerting its efficacy, in order to provide reference and basis for the research, development and clinical application of brazilin.

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黑龙江省中医药科研项目（ZHY2020-124）；黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目（GY2019YF0237）；黑龙江省中医药经典普及化专项课题（ZYW2023-066）