目的 采用多指标成分定量结合化学计量学方法对不同产地和不同采收期的桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum进行质量评价。方法 采用热浸法测定其醇溶性浸出物含量，应用超高效液相-电喷雾检测器（UPLC-CAD）法同时测定桔梗皂苷D、桔梗皂苷D₃、去芹糖桔梗皂苷D、桔梗皂苷E、去芹糖桔梗皂苷E 5个活性成分含量，揭示不同采收期桔梗化学成分含量动态积累规律。运用主成分分析法分别对不同生长年限、不同产地桔梗进行综合评价，单因素方差分析比较不同产地桔梗各指标成分含量。结果 以春季4月、秋季9～10月、三年生为桔梗的最佳采收期。主成分分析、方差分析表明不同产地桔梗中指标含量存在显著性差异，同一产地不同批次间也有区别；根据主成分分析对不同产地桔梗进行综合评分，排名靠前的产地为甘肃陇南及河南省地区，陕西商洛、安徽亳州、内蒙古赤峰产地次之，山东淄博和山西太原产地排名较后。结论 以多指标成分定量结合化学计量学建立的评价方法明确了桔梗最佳采收期，评价了不同产地桔梗的质量，为桔梗药材质量控制研究提供依据。

Objective To evaluate the quality of Platycodon grandiflorum from different origins and different harvesting periods by using multi-component content combined with chemometrics. Methods The content of alcohol soluble extract was determined by hot immersion method, and the contents of platycodon D, platycodon D₃, deapioplatycodin D, platycodon E, deapioplatycodin E were simultaneously determined by UPLC-CAD method, which revealed the dynamic accumulation regularity of chemical component content of P. grandiflorum in different harvesting periods. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate P. grandiflorum from different growth years and origins, and One-way ANOVA was used to compare the content of various indicator components in P. grandiflorum from different origins.Results The optimal harvesting period for P. grandiflorus was April in spring, September to October in autumn, and three years old. Principal component analysis and One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in the content of indicator components among P. grandiflorum from different origins, as well as differences among different batches from the same origin. According to the comprehensive scores of P. grandiflorum from different origins based on the principal component analysis, the top-ranked origins were Longnan in Gansu and Henan Province, followed by Shangluo in Shaanxi, Bozhou in Anhui, and Chifeng in Inner Mongolia, and the bottom-ranked origins were Zibo in Shandong and Taiyuan in Shanxi. Conclusion The evaluation method, which was established by combining multi-component content and chemometrics, clarified the optimal harvesting periods of P. grandiflorum, distinguished the quality of P. grandiflorum from different origins, which can provide a basis for the quality control research of P. grandiflorum.

R286.2

河南省重大专项“道地宛药全产业链关键技术研究及应用”（221100310400）；河南省中药材产业技术体系（豫农科教［2018］14号）