目的 研究热风40、50、60 ℃干燥，微波和冷冻5种不同干燥方法对番红花Crocus sativus去柱头花朵品质和成分的影响，以期开发出干燥效果好、效率高、成本低的产地加工方式。方法 采用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS对不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵物质基础进行对比，并结合主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares method-discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA）进行差异分析；采用UHPLC-MS/MS法同时测定4种差异黄酮类化合物含量；利用抗氧化试剂以评价不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵体外抗氧化活性。结果 利用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS从5种干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵中共鉴定出59个共有化合物，包括1种生物碱、6种有机酸、11种氨基酸、2种核苷、33种黄酮、5种萜类、1种香豆素类成分。PCA表明，不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵中化学成分存在差异；OPLS-DA筛选出14个共有差异化合物，以黄酮类和氨基酸类化合物为主。UHPLC-MS/MS定量分析结果表明，不同干燥方法番红花去柱头花朵中的山柰酚、山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素、槲皮素3-O-葡萄糖苷含量存在差异，以微波干燥样品中槲皮素含量最高，为（63.07±2.69）μg/g。不同干燥方法样品均表现出抗氧化活性，以微波干燥效果最为显著。结论 不同干燥方法明显影响番红花去柱头花朵的品质。热风干燥和冷冻干燥存在不同程度破坏番红花去柱头花朵内部结构的问题，且热风干燥过程有效成分易被氧化，其自身的抗氧化活性降低。微波干燥番红花去柱头花朵的色泽、总黄酮含量、体外抗氧化能力都具有显著优势，可考虑作为番红花去柱头花朵的产地加工的首选干燥方法，以支撑番红花去柱头花朵进一步的综合开发利用。

Objective The effects of five drying methods of hot air drying at 40, 50, 60 ℃, microwave drying and vacuum freeze- drying on the quality and composition of Fanhonghua (Crocus sativus) flowers without stigma were studied in order to develop a production and processing method of flowers with good drying effect, high efficiency and low cost. Methods UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to compare the material basis of flower samples by different drying methods. At the same time, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined to evaluate the quality of flowers with different drying methods and screen and identify the differential compounds. The contents of four different flavonoids were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS method. The antioxidant activity of flowers of C. sativus without stigma in vitro was evaluated by using antioxidant kits. Results A total of 59 common compounds , including one alkaloid, six organic acids, 11 amino acids, two nucleosides, 33 flavonoids, five terpenoids and one coumarin, were identified from dried flower samples by five drying methods using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. PCA showed that there were differences in the chemical composition of flowers under different drying methods. A total of 14 differential compounds were identified by OPLS-DA, mainly flavonoids and amino acid compounds. UHPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis showed that the contents of kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin and quercetin 3-O-glucoside in flower samples by different drying methods were different to some extent. The content of quercetin by microwave drying samples was the highest (63.07 ± 2.69) μg/g. The samples by different drying methods showed antioxidant activity, among which microwave drying was the most significant. Conclusion Different drying methods significantly affected the quality of flowers of C. sativus without stigma. Hot air drying and freeze drying have the problem of destroying the internal structure of flowers to varying degrees, and the active ingredients are easy to be oxidized during the hot air drying process, and the antioxidant capacity of the flowers is reduced. Microwave dried flowers have significant advantages in color, total flavonoid content, and in vitro antioxidant capacity, which can be considered as the preferred drying method for the processing of flowers in the production area to support the further comprehensive development and utilization of flowers without stigma.

R283.6

四川省科技支撑项目（2020YFN0082）