目的 研究红叶野桐Mallotus paxii茎的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶、大孔树脂、Sephadex LH-20、ODS等柱色谱以及半制备液相色谱等现代分离技术进行分离纯化，并运用HR-ESI-MS、NMR、CD等谱学技术鉴定化合物结构。通过测定化合物对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）诱导小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞释放炎症介质一氧化氮（NO）的抑制能力，评价化合物的抗炎作用；MTT法测定化合物的细胞毒性。结果 从红叶野桐茎的醋酸乙酯部位中分离鉴定了7个二萜类化合物，分别为17-羟基闭花木-12,15-二烯-2-酮-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）、对映-16α,17-二羟基-贝壳衫-3-酮（2）、阿贝苦酮（3）、对映-16β,17-二羟基阿替生烷-3-酮（4）、圆叶乌桕素A（5）、野梧桐新素E（6）和2α-hydroxy-19-deoxy-jesromotetrol（7）。体外抗炎活性研究表明，化合物3和5对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中NO生成具有显著的抑制作用，其半数抑制浓度值分别为28.21、31.73μmol/L，且无明显细胞毒性。结论 化合物1为1个新的二萜苷类化合物，命名为红叶野桐苷E。化合物1～5、7为首次从野桐属植物中分离得到，化合物6为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物3和5具有潜在的抗炎活性。

Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from Mallotus paxii. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography of silica gel, macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated via HR-ESI-MS, NMR and CD spectroscopic data interpretation. The inhibitory rates of the isolated compounds against inflammatory cytokine nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities. The cell viability was examined by the MTT assay. Results Seven diterpenoid compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate of M. paxii, and elucidated as 17-hydroxycleistantha-12,15-dien-2-one- 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), ent-16α,17-dihydroxykauran-3-one (2), abbeokutone (3), ent-16β,17-dihydroxyatisan-3-one (4), triarotundin A (5), mallonicusin E (6), and 2α-hydroxy-19-deoxy-jesromotetrol (7). The results of the anti-inflammatory activity experiments in vitro showed that compounds 3 and 5 have markly inhibitory effect on NO in LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophages, with IC₅₀ values of 28.21 and 31.73 μmol/L, respectively, and without obvious cytotoxicity.Conclusion Compound 1was a new diterpenoid glucoside, named mallotenuifo E. Compounds 1—5, 7were isolated from the genus Mallotus for the first time, and compound 6 was first discovered from this plant. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential anti-inflammatory activities.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（32060097）；广西中医药多学科交叉创新团队项目（GZKJ2306）