目的 基于遗传、环境因子与丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza品质性状之间的相关性，探究影响丹参品质的主导因子。方法 收集不同产区22个丹参居群（每个居群3个单株）、种植土壤以及气候因子数据。基于简单重复序列间区（inter-simple sequence repeat，ISSR）和目标起始密码子多态性（start codon targeted polymorphism，SCoT）标记分析了丹参不同居群遗传多样性和亲缘关系，利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了不同产区丹参中隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅱ_A、丹酚酸B含量。利用原子吸收分光光度法、火焰光度计测定法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）等技术测定了土壤的理化指标及矿质含量。结果 ISSR和SCoT标记分析结果表明，四川丹参居群单独聚为一类，山东丹参居群分布在不同的聚类组中。经相关性分析，气压、风速与丹参酮类物质的含量呈显著正相关，日降水量≥0.1 mm日数与丹参酮Ⅰ含量以及等位基因数（number of alleles，N_a）、有效等位基因数（effective number of alleles，N_e）、Nei氏基因多样性指数（Nei’s gene diversity index，H）、香农信息指数（Shannon information index，I）等遗传指数呈显著负相关；水汽压、相对湿度、日降水量≥0.1 mm日数等与丹酚酸B含量呈显著正相关，与N_a、N_e、H、I显著负相关；日照时数与丹酚酸B含量呈显著负相关，与N_a、N_e、H、I显著正相关。隐丹参酮含量与土壤质地、矿质元素Cu、Mg含量显著相关；丹酚酸B含量与土壤有机质、K、碱解N、速效K含量显著相关。结论 遗传与环境因子互相作用影响了丹参的品质。四川丹参居群间遗传变异小，山东丹参遗传变异大，降水、湿度、日照是影响丹参遗传变异以及丹参酮和丹酚酸B积累的主要气候因子。土壤质地能影响隐丹参酮的积累，N肥能促进丹酚酸B积累。

Objective Based on the correlation between genetic, environmental factors and quality traits of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the main factors affecting the quality of S. miltiorrhiza were explored. Methods A total of 22 S. miltiorrhiza populations (three single plants per population), planting soil and climate factors data were collected from different producing areas. Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of different populations of S. miltiorrhiza were analyzed based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) markers. The contents of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and salvianolic acid B in different regions of S. miltiorrhiza were determined by HPLC. The physicochemical index and mineral content of soil were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometer method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results The results of ISSR and SCoT analysis showed that the S. miltiorrhiza populations in Sichuan were grouped into a single cluster, which in Shandong were distributed in different cluster groups. The correlation analysis showed that air pressure and wind speed were significant positively correlated with tanshinone content, and the number of days with daily precipitation ≥ 0.1 mm was significant negatively correlated with tanshinone Ⅰ content and number of alleles (N_a), effective number of alleles (N_e), nei’s gene diversity index (H), shannon information index (I). Air pressure, relative humidity and the number of days with daily precipitation ≥ 0.1mm were significant positively correlated with salvianolic acid B content, and negatively correlated with N_a, N_e, H and I, while sunshine hours were significant negatively correlated with salvianolic acid B content and positively correlated with N_a, N_e, H and I. The content of cryptotanshinone was significantly correlated with soil texture and the content of Cu and Mg. The content of salvianolic acid B was significantly correlated with the content of soil organic matter, K, alkaline hydrolysis N and available K. Conclusion The interaction between genetic and environmental factors influenced the quality traits of S. miltiorrhiza. The genetic variation of S. miltiorrhiza populations was small in Sichuan and large in Shandong. Precipitation, humidity and sunshine were the main climatic factors affecting genetic variation and accumulation of tanshinone and salvianolic acid B in S. miltiorrhiza. Soil texture can affect the accumulation of cryptotanshinone, and N fertilizer can promote the accumulation of salvianolic acid B.

R286.12

国家现代农业产业技术体系四川省创新团队建设专项资金（SCCXTD-2020-19）；四川省科技计划项目（2021YFYZ0012，2022NSFSC1718，2023NSFSC1269，2023NSFSC0663）；省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202310626021）；特色药用植物四川省科技资源共享服务平台