目的 鉴定远志Polygala tenuifolia bZIP基因，为远志抗逆性改良及次生代谢调控研究提供参考。方法 基于远志三代全长转录组数据库，采用生物信息学方法对远志bZIP基因家族成员进行鉴定和分析，并利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术分析其在不同组织及处理中的表达特性。结果 共鉴定得到27个含有特征性保守结构域的PtbZIP基因，编码蛋白质的氨基酸数量为143 aa（PtbZIP24）～846 aa（PtbZIP9），相对分子质量范围为16201.52～92932.30，等电点（pI）介于4.59～9.69，其中25个家族成员为不稳定蛋白，所有家族成员均为亲水性蛋白。蛋白二级结构主要由α螺旋和无规卷曲构成，均无信号肽，存在多种互作现象。进化树分析将27个PtbZIP蛋白分为A、B、C、D、F、G、I、S 8个亚组，其中G亚组含有PtbZIP家族成员数量最多（共有8个），占总数的29.63%，没有PtbZIP基因被归类到E和K组。PtbZIP家族基因的密码子偏好性较弱，适应性较弱。表达模式分析显示，PtbZIP4/15在叶中的表达量最高，茎和根次之；PtbZIP8/24在茎中的表达量最高，叶和根次之；PtbZIP1/17的表达量为根＞叶＞茎；其余21个的表达模式均为根＞茎＞叶。qPCR结果表明，PtbZIP26基因受脱落酸、壳聚糖的诱导，且能显著应答干旱和盐胁迫。结论 鉴定了远志bZIP家族基因及其分子特征，为进一步研究PtbZIP基因在调控远志发育及次生代谢物合成方面的生物学功能奠定基础。

Objective To identify the bZIP gene in Polygala tenuifolia and provide a reference for the study of P. tenuifolia stress tolerance improvement and secondary metabolism regulation. Methods Based on the three-generation full-length transcriptome database of P. tenuifolia, a bioinformatics approach was used to identify and analyze the members of the bZIP gene family of P. tenuifolia, and their expression characteristics in different tissues and treatments were analyzed by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) technology. Results A total of 27 PtbZIP genes containing characterized conserved structural domains were identified, the number of amino acid encoding proteins ranged from 143 aa (PtbZIP24) to 846 aa (PtbZIP9), relative molecular weight masses ranged from 16 201.52 to 92 932.30, and isoelectric points (pI) ranged from 4.59 to 9.69, a total of 25 family members were unstable proteins and all family members were hydrophilic proteins. The protein secondary structure mainly consisted of α-helices and random coiled-coils, both without signal peptides, and there were multiple interaction phenomena. Evolutionary tree analysis classified the 27 PtbZIP proteins into eight subgroups, A, B, C, D, F, G, I and S. Among them, subgroup G contained the highest number of PtbZIP family members totaling eight, accounting for 29.63% of the total, and no PtbZIP genes were categorized to groups E and K. The PtbZIP family genes had weak codon preferences and were less adaptive. Expression pattern analysis showed that PtbZIP4/15 had the highest expression in leaves, followed by stems and roots; PtbZIP8/24 had the highest expression in stems, followed by leaves and roots; PtbZIP1/17 had the expression of roots > leaves > stems; and the rest of the 21 had the expression pattern of roots＞stems＞leaves. The qPCR results showed that the PtbZIP26gene was induced by abscisic acid and chitosan, and could significantly respond to drought and salt stress. Conclusion In this study, we identified the P. tenuifolia bZIP family genes and their molecular characterization, laying the foundation for further studies on the biological functions of PtbZIP genes in the regulation of P. tenuifolia development and secondary metabolite synthesis.

R286.12

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82003899）；陕西省科技厅项目（2024SF-YBXM-457，S2024-JC-QN-1808，2023-YBSF-036）；陕西省教育厅一般专项（22JK0279）；榆林市科技局项目（YF-2021-74）