目的 研究梅Prunus mume的花色及花中黄酮类成分特征，揭示其遗传多样性及亲缘关系，为梅种质资源鉴定和新品种培育提供依据。方法 以52份梅花样品为材料，分别采用红绿蓝（red green blue，RGB）色值法和化学法调查花色特征，采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）评估梅花的6种黄酮类成分特征，利用ISSR分子标记技术探究梅的遗传多样性。结果 RGB色值和亮度指数表明“乌梅帝”花色最暗，种质资源圃花色最亮。“乌梅帝”植株和“乌梅后”植株花均含有6种黄酮，部分“乌梅帝”和“乌梅后”区域梅花则未检测出金丝桃苷、山柰酚及异鼠李素。尽管主成分及相关分析结果表明梅花色与其黄酮的含量无内在关系，但其成分间存在相关性，梅花的异槲皮素与芦丁和金丝桃苷含量呈显著正相关，异槲皮素与槲皮素呈显著正相关。槲皮素与山柰酚和异鼠李素呈显著正相关，山柰酚与异鼠李素呈显著正相关。ISSR标记结果表明3个调查区域间存在着亲缘关系，资源圃部分植株可能源自“乌梅帝”和“乌梅后”区，“乌梅后”和“乌梅帝”区存在相互移栽的情况。结论 基于RGB色值法和化学法预测梅花黄酮含量仍有待优化，但进化树可将“乌梅帝”及“乌梅后”准确聚类。ISSR分子标记结果证实“乌梅帝”“乌梅后”及资源圃植株的亲缘关系，梅在群体水平上遗传多样性较高，且各调查区域间存在频繁遗传交流。

Objective The characteristics of flower color and flower flavonoids of Prunus mume were studied to reveal its genetic diversity and genetic relationship, which provided a basis for identifying P. mume germplasm resources and breeding new varieties.Methods Based on 52 samples of P. mume, the flower color characteristics were investigated by quantifying red green blue (RGB) and chemical measurement. Similarly, characteristics of six kinds of flavonoids of the P. mume were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ISSR molecular marker technique was used to determine the genetic diversity. Results The RGB value and brightness index (BI) indicated that flower color was darker in “Wumeidi” and peaked in the germplasm resource garden. All six flavonoids were detected in the “Wumeidi” and “Wumeihou” plants, but the hyperin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were not detected in some P. mume in the “Wumeidi” and “Wumeihou” regions. Although the principal component and correlation analysis results didn’t reveal the inherent relationship the flower’s color and its flavonoids, the correlations between its flavonoids were observed. The flower flavonoids contents showed that isoquercetin was positively correlated with rutin and hyperin content, and isoquercetin was positively correlated with quercetin. Quercetin was positively correlated with kaempferol and isorhamnetin, and kaempferol was positively correlated with isorhamnetin. Results of ISSR markers indicated a genetic relationship among the three investigated regions. Some plants in the resource garden were probably transplanted from the “Wumedi” and “Wumeihou” regions, and the “Wumedi”and “Wumeihou” regions were transplanted into each other. Conclusion The prediction of flavonoids contents in P. mume based on RGB values and chemical method still needs to be optimized, but the evolutionary tree can accurately cluster “Wumei Di” and “Wumei Hou”. The genetic relationship between “Wumeidi” and “Wumeihou” and resource garden plants was confirmed by ISSR molecular markers. P. mume had high genetic diversity at the population level and there was frequent genetic exchanges among the investigated regions.

R286.2

果梅产业发展调研报告项目（21sh0042）；达川乌梅种质资源保护与乌梅林下中药材种植模式研究项目（23zd3158）