目的 建立不同生长期(花前期、开花期和成熟期)毛菊苣Cichorium glandulosum地上部位药材的HPLC指纹图谱,结合化学模式识别法和薄层色谱(TLC)生物自显影技术评价毛菊苣药材质量,为其进一步研究与开发提供依据。方法 采用PolyPack C₁₈-AQ色谱柱,以甲醇(A)-乙腈(B)-0.3%磷酸溶液(C)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为254 nm,体积流量为1.0 mL/min。采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012)》建立不同生长期毛菊苣地上部位药材的HPLC指纹图谱并分析相似度。应用聚类分析(cluster analysis,CA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)筛选不同生长期下毛菊苣地上部位药材中具有的差异性化学成分。利用TLC-生物自显影技术对不同生长期毛菊苣药材进行体外抗氧化作用研究。结果 不同生长期下20批次药材HPLC指纹图谱共匹配出12个共有峰,指认出3号峰为秦皮乙素、6号峰为异槲皮苷、7号峰为3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸。CA将20批不同生长期下药材分为4类;PCA确定了3个主成分因子,累积方差贡献率为78.143%,PCA结果与CA结果基本一致;PLS-DA结果显示色谱峰11、2、6(异槲皮苷)、3(秦皮乙素)和5号峰可作为不同生长期毛菊苣药材质量的差异标志物。样品展开斑点和TLC-生物自显影说明花前期和开花期药材相比成熟期药材具有良好的抗氧化活性作用。结论 利用建立的指纹图谱可为毛菊苣地上部位药材规范化种植以及质量评价提供实验依据。

Objective To establish HPLC fingerprint for the acrial part of Cichorium glandulosum at different growth stages (pre-flowering, flowering and maturity stages), and to evaluate the quality combined with chemical pattern recognition and TLC-bioautographic technology, so as to provide a basis for further research and development. Methods PolyPack C₁₈-AQ column was used for gradient elution with methanol(A)-acetonitrile(B)-0.3% phosphoric acid solution(C) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, a detection wavelength of 254 nm. The Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2012) was used to establish the HPLC fingerprints of medicinal materials from the acrial part of C. glandulosum at different growth stages and analyze the similarity. Cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to screen the different chemical components of the aerial part of C. glandulosum at different growth stages. The antioxidant activities of medicinal materials of C. glandulosum at different growth stages were studied in vitro by TLC-bioautography technology. Results The HPLC fingerprints of 20 batches of different growth stages matched 12 common fingerprint peaks, and peak 3 was identified as aesculetin, peak 6 as isoquercitrin, peak 7 as 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The 20 batches of medicinal materials were divided into four categories by CA. Three principal component factors were determined by PCA, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 78.143%. The results of PCA were basically consistent with those of CA. PLS-DA results showed that peaks 11, 2, 6 (isoquercitrin), 3 (aesculetin)and 5 could be used as markers of quality difference of C. glandulosum at different growth stages. TLC speckle and TLC-bioautography showed that pre-flowering and flowering herbs had better antioxidant activity than the mature herbs. Conclusion The established fingerprint can provide experimental basis for the standardized planting and quality evaluation of medicinal materials from the aerial part of C. glandulosum.

国家药品标准制修订研究课题（BZ20230281）；中国科学院战略生物资源计划（KFJ-BRP-007-011）