目的 评价红花籽粕(红花Carthamus tinctorius的种子经过压榨提取红花籽油后的副产品)对小鼠的急性毒性及抗溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)作用。方法 C57BL/6小鼠ig不同剂量的红花籽粕,7 d后计算脏器指数,采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝、脾、肾组织病理变化,测定血清中肝功能、肾功能及血脂水平,以评价红花籽粕的急性毒性。建立葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulphate sodium,DSS)诱导的UC小鼠模型,每天记录小鼠体质量,测定疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)评分、结肠长度以及脏器指数,采用HE染色和阿利新蓝-过碘酸雪夫(AB-PAS)染色评价结肠组织病理学变化,采用qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测结肠组织中炎症和黏膜屏障相关因子表达。结果 急性毒性实验中,与对照组比较,红花籽粕组小鼠脏器指数、血液生化指标没有显著差异,脏器病理切片也未见异常。红花籽粕对DSS诱导的UC小鼠具有较好的保护作用,可以显著改善体质量减轻、DAI评分升高、结肠长度缩短等临床症状(P<0.01),减轻结肠组织病理损伤,抑制肠道炎症细胞的浸润,保护杯状细胞,提高紧密连接蛋白和黏蛋白的表达(P<0.05、0.01、0.001),改善肠道屏障完整性。结论 红花籽粕具有较高的安全性,且对DSS诱导的UC小鼠具有显著的治疗作用。

Objective To evaluate the acute toxicity and anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) effect of safflower seed meal which is the by-product of extracting safflower seed oil from the seeds of Carthamus tinctorius in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were ig different doses of safflower seed meal, the organ index was calculated after 7 d, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological changes in liver, spleen and kidney tissues, liver function, kidney function and blood lipid levels in serum were measured to evaluate the acute toxicity of safflower seed meal. A UC mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was established, the body weight of mice was recorded every day, the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, and organ index were measured, pathological changes of colon tissue was evaluated by HE staining and Alisin blue periodate Schiff (AB-PAS) staining, the expressions of inflammatory and mucosal barrier related factors in colon tissue were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results In the acute toxicity experiment, there was no significant difference in organ index and blood biochemical indicators between safflower seed meal group mice and control group, and no abnormalities were found in organ pathological sections. Safflower seed meal had a good protective effect on DSS-induced UC mice, which significantly improved clinical symptoms such as reduced body weight, increased DAI score, and shortened colon length (P<0.01), alleviated pathological damage to colon tissue, inhibited the infiltration of intestinal inflammatory cells, protected goblet cells, increased the expressions of tight junction protein and mucin (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001), and improved intestinal barrier integrity. Conclusion Safflower seed meal has high safety and significant therapeutic effects on DSS-induced UC mice.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82260817）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82160121）；石河子大学高水平人才研究启动基金（RCZK202036，RCZK202035）；新疆生产建设兵团指导科技计划（2022ZD049，2022ZD005）；新疆自治区“天池英才”领军人才项目