目的 以蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus为材料，解析其叶绿体基因组的序列特征，并进行系统发育分析。方法 利用Illumina NovaSeq测序平台对蒙古黄芪叶绿体全基因组进行测序，完成其组装、注释、特征分析，构建系统发育树。结果 蒙古黄芪叶绿体基因组全长为123 349 bp，GC含量为34.09%，由于缺失反向重复IR区，Circos图呈现出非典型四分体结构，属于IRLC群体。获得注释基因109个，其中蛋白编码基因76个，rRNA基因4个，tRNA基因29个。蒙古黄芪叶绿体基因组的密码子偏好性较弱，密码子偏向使用A碱基和U碱基。MISA检测出263个SSR位点，以A/T重复为主；叶绿体全基因组比较分析可知17种豆科植物叶绿体基因组的基因区间组成差异较小；但trnF-GAA～trnT-UGU、trnfM-CUA～psbC、trnE～trnD、psbM～rpoB、ycf1和ycf2等编码区存在差异性；系统发育树显示，蒙古黄芪与胶黄芪A. gummifer聚为一类，与阿纳卡黄芪A. nakaianus、膜荚黄芪A. membranaceus具有一定亲缘性。结论 可为开展黄芪属遗传多样性研究、DNA条形码构建和分子鉴定标记开发提供参考。

Objective Using Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus as material to analyze sequence characteristics of chloroplast genome and performe phylogenetic analysis. Methods Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform was used to sequence the whole chloroplast genome of A.membranaceus var. mongholicus, and completing its assembly, annotation and characterization, and constructing a phylogenetic tree. Results The full chloroplast genome of A.membranaceus var. mongholicu was 123 349 bp in length, and its GC content was 34.09%. Due to the deletion of the inverted repeat IR region, the Circos map showed an atypical tetrad structure, belonging to the IRLC population. A total of 109 genes were annotated, including 76 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. The codon preference of the chloroplast genome of A. membranaceus var. mongholicu was weak, and it preferred to use A and U bases. A total of 263 SSRs were detected by MISA, most of which consisted of A and T. Comparative analysis of the whole chloroplast genomes showed that the gene region composition of the chloroplast genomes of 17 legume species was relatively little different. However, variations were observed in coding regions such as trnF-GAA—trnT-UGU, trnfM-CUA—psbC, trnE—trnD, psbM—rpoB, ycf1 and ycf2. The phylogenetic tree showed that the A. membranaceus var. mongholicu was grouped with A. gummifer and had certain genetic relationships with A. nakaianus and A. membranaceus. Conclusion The findings of the research provided a reference for the subsequent study on genetic diversity of Astragalus L., the construction of DNA barcodes, and the development of molecular identification markers.

国家重点研发专项（2019YFC1710800）；国家中药材产业技术体系浑源综合试验站（CARS-21-03）；山西农业大学校育种工程（YZGC056）；山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助（2021-11）