目的 建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用技术（ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry，UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）结合多元统计分析技术的分析方法，比较不同品种牛膝的化学成分差异。方法 基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术对怀牛膝Achyranthes bidentata、川牛膝Cyathula officinalis、红牛膝Cyathula capitata和土牛膝Achyranthes aspera的化学成分进行分析与鉴别，并运用多元统计分析筛选不同品种牛膝的差异性成分。结果 共初步指认出230种化学成分，其中皂苷类81种、生物碱类26种、甾酮类12种、有机酸类75种、木脂素类19种和黄酮类17种。根据变量重要性投影（variable importance in projection，VIP）值＞1，t检验（P＜0.05）从4种牛膝中共筛选出25个化学标志物。其中，竹节参皂苷、牛膝皂苷在怀牛膝中占比居多；竹节参皂苷IVa在红牛膝中的占比最高；甾醇、黄酮醇、有机酸和糖苷类成分在川牛膝中的占比最高；齐墩果烷型皂苷和酪胺类生物碱类成分则在安徽土牛膝中占比最多。结论 该方法快速、全面地对牛膝植物资源的成分进行系统分析，为牛膝的品种分类鉴别和资源开发利用提供了基础。

Objective To establish an analysis method combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis technology, and compare the chemical composition differences of different varieties of Achyranthes bidentata. Methods Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology, the chemical constituents of A. bidentata, Cyathula officinalis, C. capitata and A. aspera were analyzed and identified, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to screen the differential components of different varieties of A. bidentata. Results A total of 230 chemical components were preliminarily identified, including 81 saponins, 26 alkaloids, 12 sterones, 75 organic acids, 19 lignans and 17 flavonoids. A total of 25 chemical markers were screened from four kinds of varieties according to the VIP value > 1, t-test (P < 0.05). Among them, chikusetsu saponins, A. bidentata saponins were mostly in A. bidentata. The content of chikusetsu saponin IVa in C. capitata was the highest; the sterols, flavonols, organic acids and glycosides were abundant in C. officinalis. The proportion of oleanane saponins and tyramine alkaloids was the highest in A. aspera from Anhui. Conclusion This method can quickly and comprehensively analyze the components of A. bidentata plant resources, which provides a basis for the classification and identification of A. bidentata species and the development and utilization of resources.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82074014）；江西中医药大学首批校级科技创新团队项目（CXTD22008）；江西省杰青需求牵引类项目（20224ACB218008）