高脂血症是临床常见疾病，也是动脉粥样硬化、缺血性心脏病、脑中风等心血管系统疾病的重要诱因。天然产物中生物碱类成分具有显著的调血脂作用，其机制主要包括促进肝脏胆固醇摄取、抑制肝脏胆固醇合成、促进胆固醇转化、抑制肠道胆固醇吸收、促进脂肪酸氧化、抑制脂肪生成、促进脂肪水解、调节胆汁酸代谢、调节肠道菌群、抗脂质过氧化、减轻胰岛素抵抗等。通过查阅近10年国内外相关文献，从作用基因靶点和作用通路层面，对天然产物中生物碱类化合物调血脂作用机制综述。为生物碱类成分及含有生物碱类成分的中药或天然药物的临床应用提供科学依据。

Hyperlipidemia is a common clinical disease and an important cause of cardiovascular system diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. The alkaloid components in natural products have significant hypolipidemic effects, and the mechanism mainly includes promoting liver cholesterol uptake, inhibiting liver cholesterol synthesis, promoting cholesterol conversion, inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption, promoting fatty acid oxidation, inhibiting fat production, promoting fat hydrolysis, regulating bile acid metabolism, regulating intestinal flora, anti-lipid peroxidation, and alleviating insulin resistance. By reviewing relevant literatures at home and abroad in the past ten years, this paper reviews the hypolipidemic mechanism of alkaloid components in natural products from the level of gene targets and pathways. It provides scientific basis for the clinical application of alkaloid components and traditional Chinese medicines or natural medicines containing alkaloid components.

北京市自然科学基金资助项目（7232287）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（2023-JYB-KYPT-15）