目的 研究黄芩汤对蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻模型的作用及作用机制。方法 昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、洛哌丁胺（5 mg/kg）组和黄芩汤高、中、低剂量（20、10、5 g/kg）组，每组10只。连续3 d ig给药，末次给药30 min后ig 0.5 mL蓖麻油制备腹泻模型。测定腹泻评分和腹泻指数，采用qRT-PCR检测肝脏中α-1-酸性糖蛋白（alpha 1-acid glycoprotein，AGP）、C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein，CRP）、转铁蛋白（transferrin，TRF）、白蛋白（albumin，ALB）和小肠中水通道蛋白3（aquaporin 3，AQP3）、AQP4、Na/H离子交换器2（Na/H exchanger 2，NHE2）、NHE3、NHE8 mRNA表达；采用免疫组化法和Western blotting检测小肠中AQP3和NHE8蛋白表达；收集肠道内容物，进行16S rRNA测序。结果 黄芩汤显著降低小鼠的腹泻评分和腹泻指数（P＜0.05），下调肝脏AGP、CRP的mRNA表达（P＜0.05），下调小肠AQP3、NHE8的mRNA和蛋白表达（P＜0.05），降低双歧杆菌属Bifidobacterium、粪杆菌属Faecalibaculum和Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014丰度，增加Jeotgalicoccus和Candidatus_Arthromitus丰度，降低厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的比值。结论 黄芩汤可能通过下调肠上皮转运蛋白和急性期蛋白表达，改变肠道菌群，从而减轻蓖麻油引起的腹泻。

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of Huangqin Decoction (黄芩汤) on castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, loperamide (5 mg/kg) group, and Huangqin Decoction high-, medium-, and low-dose (20, 10, 5 g/kg) groups, with 10 mice in each group. Drugs were administered intragastrically for three consecutive days, a diarrhea model was prepared by administering 0.5 mL castor oil at 30 min after the last administration. Diarrhea score and diarrhea index were measured, and qRT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), C-reactive protein (CRP), transferrin (TRF), albumin (ALB) in liver and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), AQP4, Na/H exchanger 2 (NHE2), NHE3 and NHE8 in small intestine; Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of AQP3 and NHE8 proteins in small intestine; Intestinal contents were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Huangqin Decoction significantly reduced the diarrhea score and diarrhea index of mice (P < 0.05), downregulated the mRNA expressions of AGP and CRP in liver (P < 0.05), downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and NHE8 in small intestine (P < 0.05), reduced the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, increased the abundance of Jeotgallicoccus and Candidatus_Arthromitus, decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Conclusion Huangqin Decoction may downregulate the expressions of intestinal epithelial transport proteins and acute phase proteins, alter gut microbiota, and thus alleviate diarrhea caused by castor oil.

广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2020B0202080004）；科技创新战略专项资金（高水平农科院建设）（R2020PY-JC001）；广东省农业科学院驻镇帮扶村农村科技特派员项目（KTP20210010）；广东省现代农业产业园项目-韶关翁源家禽产业园（GDSCYY2021-021）；广东省医院药学研究基金（澳美基金）（2023A23）；惠州市科技计划项目（2022CZ010371）；清远市2023年省科技创新战略专项（大专项＋任务清单）项目（2023DZX012）；广东省畜禽疫病防治研究重点实验室（2023B1212060040）