目的 分析茯苓多糖成分对秀丽隐杆线虫体内抗氧化和抗衰老作用的影响，并阐明其潜在机制。方法 将L4期线虫随机分为低、中、高剂量（10、20、40 μg/mL）的茯苓多糖组和空白组进行培养；采用百草枯抗氧化实验、寿命实验、脂褐素测定实验、应激实验（紫外/高温）、生理功能实验（吞咽频率/摆动次数/产卵量）探究茯苓多糖对野生型秀丽隐杆线虫抗氧化和抗衰老作用；将突变体线虫分为茯苓多糖组（40 μg/mL）和空白组，采用应激实验、寿命实验、线虫BZIP结构域蛋白1（protein skinhead-1，skn-1）绿色荧光蛋白的细胞定位检测、qRT-PCR实验、活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）检测探究茯苓多糖的抗衰老的作用机制。结果 茯苓多糖显著延长线虫的寿命，减少脂褐素的产生，增强对紫外线和热胁迫的抵抗力，提高咽部泵血频率和运动能力，显示出显著的抗衰老生物活性。茯苓多糖的抗衰老作用是通过skn-1信号通路介导的，而不依赖于胰岛素样受体β亚基（insulin-like receptor subunit beta，daf-2）和神经元乙酰胆碱受体亚基eat-2（neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit eat-2，eat-2）信号通路。茯苓多糖增加了线虫中skn-1转录因子的核定位，上调了下游抗氧化基因谷胱甘肽S-转移酶4（glutathione S-transferase 4，gst-4）和gst-7的转录水平，并显著降低了细胞内ROS水平。然而，在skn-1突变体蠕虫中未观察到这些效应。结论 茯苓多糖在秀丽隐杆线虫中表现出抗氧化和抗衰老的作用，其机制涉及调控skn-1转录因子及其下游抗氧化基因，最终降低ROS水平，增强机体的抗氧化应激能力。

Objective To analyze the impact of Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) on antioxidant and anti-aging effects in Caenorhabditis elegans and elucidate its potential mechanisms. Methods L4 stage C. elegans were randomly divided to low-, medium-, high-dose (10, 20, 40 μg/mL) PCP groups, and control group for cultivation. Anti-oxidant experiments, lifespan assays, lipofuscin determination, stress tests (UV/heat), and physiological function experiments (swallowing frequency/number of swings/egg-laying amount) were conducted to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-aging effects of PCP on wild-type C. elegans. Mutant C. elegans were divided into PCP group (40 μg/mL) and control group. Stress tests, lifespan assays, cell localization detection of C. elegans BZIP domain protein 1 (skn-1) green fluorescent protein, qRT-PCR experiments, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection were performed to explore the mechanisms of PCP in anti-aging. Results PCP significantly extended the lifespan of C. elegans, reduced lipofuscin production, enhanced resistance to UV and heat stress, increased pharyngeal pumping frequency, and improved locomotor activity, demonstrating significant anti-aging biological activity. The anti-aging effect of PCP was mediated through the skn-1 signaling pathway, independent of the insulin-like receptor subunit beta (daf-2) and neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit eat-2 signaling pathways. PCP increased the nuclear localization of skn-1 transcription factor in C. elegans, upregulated the transcription levels of downstream anti-oxidant genes, including glutathione S-transferase 4 (gst-4) and putative glutathione S-transferase 7 (gst-7), and significantly reduced intracellular ROS level. However, these effects were not observed in skn-1 mutant worms. Conclusion PCP exhibit antioxidant and anti-aging effects in C. elegans, involving the regulation of the skn-1 transcription factor and its downstream anti-oxidant genes, ultimately reducing ROS level and enhancing the organism’s anti-oxidant stress capacity.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81774129）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82004184）；湖南省科技创新计划项目（2023RC3166）；湖南省自然科学基金优秀青年项目（2023JJ20033）；湖南省教育厅科研基金项目（23A0297）；2023年度湖南省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202110541094）