纤维化的主要病变过程包括细胞外基质的过度沉积及肌成纤维细胞异常增多，由此引发多种器官的损伤，与肝硬化、糖尿病、高血压及心肌梗塞等疾病密切相关，严重时可导致癌变和死亡。尽管一些药物如糖皮质激素和抗氧化剂，已被用于治疗纤维化，但目前这些药物存在严重的不良反应，且其有效性和长期安全性仍存在争议，因此迫切需要寻找新的治疗途径。近年来的研究发现，中药多糖可通过多种途径发挥抗纤维化活性，其中包括调节脂质代谢、抗氧化、抗炎及调控肠道菌群等机制。通过对近年来中药多糖在抗纤维化作用机制方面的研究进展进行综述，为中药多糖在纤维化疾病预防及治疗领域的应用提供科学依据和实际参考价值。

The primary pathological processes of fibrosis encompass excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix and abnormal proliferation of myofibroblasts, which leads to various organ damages and is closely related to diseases such as cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, and myocardial infarction, with severe cases potentially leading to carcinogenesis and death. Despite the use of certain drugs, such as glucocorticoids and antioxidants, in the treatment of fibrosis, there are currently serious adverse reactions to these drugs, and their efficacy and long-term safety remain contentious. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic approaches. Recent research has revealed that traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides exert anti-fibrotic activity through multiple pathways, including the regulation of lipid metabolism, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and modulation of the gut microbiota. By providing a comprehensive review of the recent research progress on the mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides, this article aims to offer a scientific foundation and practical insights for the application of these polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of fibrotic diseases.

苏州市姑苏卫生人才计划培养项目（GSWS2020081）；苏州市科技计划项目（SKY2022059）