温馨提示：建议您使用Chrome80、火狐74+、IE9+浏览器 ，当您的浏览器版本过低，可能会影响部分功能正常使用。

主办：天津药物研究院 中国药学会

微信公众号

网站二维码

2025年6月15日 20:14 星期日
首页 > 过刊浏览>2024年第55卷第3期 >2024,55(3):1034-1045. DOI:10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2024.03.033
上一篇 | 下一篇

山苦瓜化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

Research progress on chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Momordica charantia var. abbreviata

发布日期：2024-01-27
  • 摘要
  • 访问统计
  • PDF预览
  • 参考文献
  • 相似文献
    [关键词]
    [摘要]
    山苦瓜Momordica charantia var. abbreviata是苦瓜的野生变种，属于药食同源物质，具有重要的食用与保健功能，常被用作保健食品和民间医药。现代药理学表明，山苦瓜的活性成分和药理作用比苦瓜显著，主要化学成分包括皂苷类、酚类、脂肪酸和丰富的微量元素与矿物质，具有抗糖尿病、抗炎、抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化等多种药理作用。全面概述山苦瓜的化学成分和药理作用，为山苦瓜的开发利用提供理论基础，以期获得更好的实用价值。
    [Key word]
    [Abstract]
    Shankugua (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.) is a wild variety of Kugua (Momordica charantia L.), which belongs to the homologous substance of medicine and food. It has important edible and health care functions and is often used as health food and folk medicine. Modern pharmacology shows that the active ingredients and pharmacological effects of M. charantia var. abbreviata are more significant than those of M. charantia. The main chemical components include saponins, phenols, fatty acids and abundant trace elements and minerals. It has many pharmacological effects such as anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-oxidation. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of M. charantia var. abbreviata, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of M. charantia var. abbreviata, in order to obtain better practical value.
    [基金项目]
    辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目（LJKZ0938）
    [1] 李洪铭, 陈振华, 段学民, 等. 苦瓜的药理作用及其在心血管疾病中的应用[J]. 江西科技师范大学学报, 2019(6):71-78.
    [2] 赵高婷. 苦瓜籽和假酸浆的化学成分及其生物活性研究[D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学, 2021.
    [3] 郑方园. 苦瓜皂苷的分离纯化、结构鉴定及苦瓜颗粒剂工艺研究[D]. 合肥:安徽农业大学.
    [4] 周潇恬, 罗非君. 苦瓜的功能成分和生物活性研究进展[J]. 现代食品, 2020(10):66-71.
    [5] 杨娣, 孟大利, 曹家庆, 等. 苦瓜皂(甾)苷的现代药学和降血糖作用的研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2013, 44(24):3582-3592.
    [6] 潘辉, 赵余庆. 苦瓜中皂(甾)苷类化学成分的研究[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2006(1):65-72.
    [7] 范戎, 许敏, 马晓霞, 等. 苦瓜属植物的化学成分与药理活性研究进展[J]. 云南中医学院学报, 2014, 37(6):93-100.
    [8] Wu S J, Ng L T. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) in Taiwan[J]. LWT-Food Sci Tech, 2008, 41(2):323-330.
    [9] Lin Y S, Huang W Y, Ho P Y, et al. Effects of storage time and temperature on antioxidants in juice from Momordica charantia L. and Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(16):3614.
    [10] 顾小红, 赵海雯, 汤坚, 等. 癞葡萄总皂甙测定方法的研究[J]. 食品科学, 2005(8):313-317.
    [11] 林碧珍, 赖正锋, 练冬梅, 等. 山苦瓜研究进展[J]. 农业科学, 2019, 9(10):915-918.
    [12] 付仁. 癞葡萄胶囊癞葡萄茶[J]. 现代营销:创富信息版, 2004(7):19.
    [13] 石根勇, 吕中明, 陈新霞, 等. 癞葡萄冻干粉调节血糖作用的研究[J]. 中国生化药物杂志, 2005(5):50-51.
    [14] 邱年永, 张光雄. 原色台湾药用植物图鉴-4[M]. 台北:南天书局, 1995.
    [15] 晨阳. 夏季吃苦当推苦瓜[J]. 江苏卫生保健, 2020(7):44.
    [16] 陈洋. 苦瓜及癞葡萄提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的研究[D]. 南京:南京师范大学, 2019.
    [17] 赵明禹. 癞葡萄皂苷及其降血糖功能研究[D]. 无锡:江南大学, 2008.
    [18] 罗蕾, 李祖强. 山苦瓜中两个乌苏烷类新三萜[J]. 云南植物研究, 1997(3):102-106.
    [19] Liao Y W, Chen C R, Hsu J L, et al. Norcucurbitane triterpenoids from the fruits of Momordica charantia var. abbreviata[J]. Nat Prod Commun, 2013, 8(1):79-81.
    [20] Chen C R, Liao Y W, Kuo Y H, et al. New norcucurbitane triterpenoids from Momordica charantia var. abbreviata[J]. Nat Prod Commun, 2017, 12(7):1934578X1701200.
    [21] Chen C R, Liao Y W, Hsu J L, et al. A new 27-norcucurbitane triterpenoid from the fruits of Momordica charantia var. abbreviata[J]. Chem Nat Comp, 2020, 56:688-691.
    [22] Tsai T H, Huang W C, Ying H T, et al. Wild bitter melon leaf extract inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation:Identification of active compounds through bioassay-guided isolation[J]. Molecules, 2016, 21(4):454.
    [23] Cheng H L, Kuo C Y, Liao Y W, et al. EMCD, a hypoglycemic triterpene isolated from Momordica charantia wild variant, attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation in FL83B cells in an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent manner[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2012, 689(1/2/3):241-248.
    [24] Liaw C C, Huang H T, Liu H K, et al. Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the vines of Momordica charantia and their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic activity[J]. Phytochemistry, 2022, 195:113026.
    [25] Huang H T, Zhang L J, Huang H C, et al. Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the vines of Momordica charantia and their anti-inflammatory activities[J]. J Nat Prod, 2020, 83(5):1400-1408.
    [26] 罗蕾, 李祖强, 张元清, 等. 山苦瓜中三萜及甾体成分的研究[J]. 药学学报, 1998, (11):40-43.
    [27] Sung H C, Liu C W, Hsiao C Y, et al. The effects of wild bitter gourd fruit extracts on ICAM-1 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells of C57BL/6J mice and microRNA-221/222 knockout mice:Involvement of the miR-221/-222/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway[J]. Phytomedicine, 2018, 42:90-99.
    [28] Huang W C, Tsai T H, Huang C J, et al. Inhibitory effects of wild bitter melon leaf extract on Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin inflammation in mice and cytokine production in vitro[J]. Food Funct, 2015, 6(8):2550-2560.
    [29] 傅伟昌. 癞葡萄籽油甘油三酯结构及其体外抗肿瘤功效研究[D]. 无锡:江南大学, 2009.
    [30] Truong Thi T D, Nguyen Minh T. Biochemical compositions, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antibacterial activity of extract from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviata Ser.)[J]. Heavy Met Arsen Concentrations Water Agric Soil Rice Ngan Son Dist Bac Kan Prov Vietnam, 2021, 4(2):109-114.
    [31] Sun K, Ding M, Fu C F, et al. Effects of dietary wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviate Ser.) extract on glucose and lipid metabolism in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2023, 306:116154.
    [32] 袁晓晴. 癞葡萄降血糖肽的制备及其降糖机理研究[D]. 无锡:江南大学, 2007.
    [33] 王东红. 苦瓜蛋白降脂活性成分纯化及功效评价[D]. 烟台:烟台大学, 2014.
    [34] 朱香燕. 苦瓜营养成分分析及挤压苦瓜颗粒茶加工技术研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2015.
    [35] 张红梅, 金海军, 余纪柱, 等. 不同苦瓜品种营养和功能成分含量及总抗氧化能力比较[J]. 分子植物育种, 2022, 20(3):967-976.
    [36] 张宏梅, 昌盛, 崔佰吉, 等. 苦瓜总黄酮的提取及其体外抗氧化活性分析[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2016, 37(23):61-64.
    [37] 彭爱芝, 李劲. 苦瓜中氨基酸和无机元素的含量分析[J]. 湖南医科大学学报, 1996(4):305-307.
    [38] 吴水金, 李海明, 黄惠明, 等. 不同山苦瓜资源田间性状和品质分析[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2018(3):59-62.
    [39] 赖正锋, 张少平, 李跃森, 等. 山苦瓜栽培技术[J]. 现代农业科技, 2013(1):93.
    [40] 赵海雯, 汤坚. 癞葡萄皂甙的降糖功效探索[J]. 食品科技, 2007(12):224-227.
    [41] 袁晓晴, 胡燕, 刘红梅. 酶法水解癞葡萄蛋白制备降血糖多肽的工艺研究[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2011, 39(6):442-444.
    [42] Yuan X Q, Gu X H, Tang J. Optimization of the production of Momordica charantia L. Vvar. abbreviata Ser. protein hydrolysates with hypoglycemic effect using Alcalase[J]. Food Chem, 2008, 111(2):340-344.
    [43] 袁晓晴, 顾小红, 蒋再良, 等. 癞葡萄降糖活性成分的提取及其降糖活性的研究[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2006, 27(3):30-31.
    [44] 屈浩亮. 癞葡萄可溶性膳食纤维的研究[D].江南大学,2008.
    [45] 赵海雯. 癞葡萄皂甙的分离纯化及降血糖功效研究[D]. 无锡:江南大学, 2005.
    [46] Yuan X Q, Gu X H, Tang J. Purification and characterisation of a hypoglycemic peptide from Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.[J]. Food Chem, 2008, 111(2):415-420.
    [47] 姚怀韬. 糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗的新进展[J]. 安徽医专学报, 2022, 21(2):54-56.
    [48] Pham T M H, Ngo D H, Ngo D N, et al. Investigation of biological activities of wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. Abbreviata Ser.)[J]. Biomolecules, 2019, 9(6):211.
    [49] Huang T N, Lu K N, Pai Y P, et al. Role of GLP-1 in the hypoglycemic effects of wild bitter gourd[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 2013:625892.
    [50] Chang C I, Tseng H I, Liao Y W, et al. In vivo and in vitro studies to identify the hypoglycaemic constituents of Momordica charantia wild variant WB24[J]. Food Chem, 2011, 125(2):521-528.
    [51] 袁宝君, 戴月. 癞葡萄胶囊调节血糖人体试食试验的研究[J]. 卫生研究, 2003(4):326-328.
    [52] Ciou S Y, Hsu C C, Kuo Y H, et al. Effect of wild bitter gourd treatment on inflammatory responses in BALB/c mice with sepsis[J]. Biomedicine, 2014, 4(3):17.
    [53] Lii C K, Chen H W, Yun W T, et al. Suppressive effects of wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) fruit extracts on inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2009, 122(2):227-233.
    [54] Kung W M, Lin C C, Kuo C Y, et al. Wild bitter melon exerts anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating injury-attenuated CISD2 expression following spinal cord injury[J]. Behav Neurol, 2020, 2020:1080521.
    [55] Hsu C, Tsai T H, Li Y Y, et al. Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation[J]. Food Chem, 2012, 135(3):976-984.
    [56] Tsai T H, Chang C I, Hung Y L, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of charantadiol A, isolated from wild bitter melon leaf, on heat-inactivated Porphyromonas gingivalis-stimulated THP-1 monocytes and a periodontitis mouse model[J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(18):5651.
    [57] Lu H Y, Lin B F. Wild bitter melon alleviates dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses and enhancing intestinal regulatory T cells[J]. J Funct Foods, 2016, 23:590-600.
    [58] Lin C H, Wu J S, Hsieh P C, et al. Wild bitter melon extract abrogates hypoxia-induced cell death via the regulation of ferroptosis, ER stress, and apoptosis in microglial BV2 cells[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2022, 2022:1072600.
    [59] Ho C H, Huang J H, Sun M S, et al. Wild bitter melon extract regulates LPS-induced hepatic stellate cell activation, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ferroptosis[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2021, 2021:6671129.
    [60] Nguyen T T T, Vo D M, Luong T H V, et al. Investigation of antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents of Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.[J]. Vietnam J Sci Technol, 2019, 57(2):155.
    [61] 李祖强, 罗蕾, 凌敏. 山苦瓜的抗癌活性成分[J]. 中草药, 1999, 30(6):409-411.
    [62] 傅伟昌, 顾小红, 俞惠新, 等. 甘油三酯体外抗肿瘤活性(英文)[J]. 食品科学, 2010, 31(15):271-277.
    [63] Bai L Y, Chiu C F, Chu P C, et al. A triterpenoid from wild bitter gourd inhibits breast cancer cells[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6:22419.
    [64] 陆文琦, 熊久贤. 山苦瓜根片为主治疗恶性肿瘤术后复发及转移6例介绍[J]. 贵阳中医学院学报, 1994(3):37-39.
    [65] 陆文琦. 山苦瓜根片防止"恶性肿瘤"术后复发的疗效观察[J]. 新中医, 1987(11):21-23.
    [66] Tsai T H, Huang C J, Wu W H, et al. Antioxidant, cell-protective, and anti-melanogenic activities of leaf extracts from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) cultivars[J]. Bot Stud, 2014, 55(1):78.
    [67] 张苗苗, 郭瑜洁. 精氨酸的药理作用研究进展[J]. 科学咨询:科技·管理, 2022(1):62-65.
    [68] Liu Y H, Lu Y L, Chang Y C, et al. Anti-adipogenic activities of pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a isolated from wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Seringe) in vitro[J]. J Sci Food Agric, 2022, 102(14):6771-6779.
    [69] Hsiao C Y, Chen Y M, Hsu Y J, et al. Supplementation with Hualian No. 4 wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract increases anti-fatigue activities and enhances exercise performance in mice[J]. J Vet Med Sci, 2017, 79(6):1110-1119.
    [70] Tsai C H, Chen E C F, Tsay H S, et al. Wild bitter gourd improves metabolic syndrome:A preliminary dietary supplementation trial[J]. Nutrit J, 2012, 11(1):1-9.
友情链接中华人民共和国科学技术部
您是第位访问者
中草药 ® 2025 版权所有
技术支持：北京勤云科技发展有限公司
津备案：津ICP备13000267号 互联网药品信息服务资格证书编号：（津）-非经营性-2015-0031
请使用 Firefox、Chrome、IE10、IE11、360极速模式、搜狗极速模式、QQ极速模式等浏览器，其他浏览器不建议使用!