由于中药成分复杂具有多靶点调节作用，导致其产生的药效和毒性的机制较为复杂，而科学地阐释中药药效和毒性机制是解决制约中药现代化发展的有效途径。代谢组学技术具有高通量、系统性等特点，在阐明中药药效和毒性作用机制具有显著优势。通过对代谢组学前沿技术在中药现代研究中的应用进行综述，介绍了原位质谱、质谱成像、代谢流、单细胞代谢组学技术的原理、操作流程，列举了不同技术在中药安全性、中药药效物质及作用机制、中药炮制机制及药用植物的应用实例，并对各技术的优势与不足进行总结，为代谢组学前沿技术未来的应用策略提供依据。

Due to the complexity of the components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multi-target regulatory effects, resulting in the generation of its efficacy and toxicity of the mechanism is more complex, and the scientific interpretation of the mechanism of efficacy and toxicity of TCM is an effective way to solve the constraints on the modernization of the development of TCM. Metabolomics technology has significant advantages in elucidating the mechanism of drug effect and toxicity of TCM due to its high throughput and systematic characteristics. This paper reviews the application of cutting-edge metabolomics technology in modern research of TCM, and introduces the principle and operation process of in situ mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry imaging, metabolic flow, and single-cell metabolomics technology. In this paper, examples of the application of different technologies in the safety of TCM, the active substances and mechanisms of TCM, the processing mechanism of TCM and medicinal plants are listed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are summarized to provide a basis for the future application strategy of forward metabolomics technology.

国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者支持项目；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82374162）