目的 探究中江丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza"发汗"过程中主要微生物群落及变化特征，以及优势微生物群落与主要药效成分之间的关系，以科学阐释传统"发汗"加工方式对中江丹参品质的影响。方法 采用高通量测序技术对"发汗"过程中江丹参的微生物多样性进行研究，结合化学品质分析，将优势微生物群落丰度与"发汗"丹参主要药效成分含量相关联，以期进一步判定"发汗"过程中影响中江丹参药材品质的主要微生物群落。结果 21个中江丹参"发汗"样品共检出221个真菌菌属，677个细菌菌属。"发汗"过程中始终存在的优势真菌有小戴卫霉属Davidiella、轮枝菌属Verticillium；优势细菌有绿菌门未归类菌属Chloroplast_unclassified和根瘤菌属未归类菌属Mitochondria_unclassified 2个未归类菌属，已知细菌有节细菌属Arthrobacter、链霉菌属Streptomyces等。同时，相关性研究表明，真菌小戴卫霉属与样品中紫草酸含量呈显著负相关；子囊菌门未归类霉属Ascomycota_unclassified与丹参酮II_A含量呈显著正相关。细菌绿菌门未归类菌属绿菌门未归类与样品中迷迭香酸、水溶性成分含量呈显著正相关；与丹酚酸B含量呈极显著正相关；与丹参酮I含量呈显著负相关。根瘤菌属菌群Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium与紫草酸含量呈显著正相关。结论 影响"发汗"中江丹参品质的微生物群落可能为真菌小戴卫霉属，子囊菌门未归类霉属及细菌绿菌门未归类菌属，为探究中江丹参"发汗"过程中微生物的群落特征提供了实验依据，为进一步筛选分离"发汗"过程中影响中江丹参品质的优势微生物奠定了基础。

Objective To explore the main microbial community and its change characteristics during the "sweating" process of Salvia miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang, as well as the relationship between the dominant microbial communities and the main medicinal compositions, so as to scientifically explain the effect of traditional "sweating" processing method on the quality of S. miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang. Methods The high throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial diversity in the process of "sweating" of S. miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang. Combined with chemical quality analysis, the abundance ratio of dominant microbial community was correlated with the content of main medicinal compositions of S. miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang processed by "sweating" for the purpose of further determining the main microbial community affecting the quality of S. miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang processed by "sweating". Results In this research, 221 genera of fungi and 677 genera of bacteria were identified in 21 samples of S. miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang processed by "sweating". The dominant fungal genera that always existed in the process of "sweating" were Davidiella and Verticillium. The primary bacterial genus included Chloroplast_unclassified and Mitochondria_unclassified genus, and the known bacterial genus include Arthrobacter and Streptomyces, etc. At the same time, the correlation studies showed that the fungal species Davidiella had a significant negative correlation with the content of alkannic acid in "sweating" samples. There was a significant positive correlation between Ascomycota_unclassified and the content of tanshinone II_A. The bacterial genus Chloroplast_unclassified showed significant positive correlation with the contents of rosmarinic acid and the water-soluble components in "sweating" samples, was positively correlated with the content of salvianolic acid B. There was a significant negative correlation with the content of tanshinone I. There was a significant positive correlation between Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and the content of alkannic acid. Conclusion The microbial communities that affected the quality of S. miltiorrhiza processed by "sweating" may be the fungal species Davidiella, Ascomycota_unclassified and bacterial genus Chloroplast_unclassified. The study provided an experimental basis for exploring the community characteristics of the dominant microorganisms in S. miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang processed by "sweating", and laid a foundation for further screening and isolating the dominant microorganisms affecting the quality of S. miltiorrhiza from Zhongjiang processed by "sweating".

R283.6

国家中医药管理局中央财政转移支付地方项目（A-2023N-7）；四川省中医药管理局科学技术研究专项（2021MS027）；四川省基本科研业务专项（2022JDKY0013）；四川省中央引导地方科技发展专项项目（2022ZYD0106）