柴胡Bupleuri Radix是传统中医疏肝解郁要药，临床上不仅用于抑郁症的治疗，在焦虑、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森等多种精神神经疾病防治中也广泛应用。然而精神、神经疾病常互相伴发，给临床用药造成困扰，最近的研究提出二者可能存在共同的神经生物学基础。因此在梳理柴胡对抑郁、焦虑、阿尔茨海默病等优势病种的基础上，对柴胡防治精神神经疾病的共同物质基础及共有机制进行系统解析，为寻找柴胡在精神神经疾病防治方面的作用规律提供思路，推动柴胡在该作用方面的深入理解和后续的研发，也为探究传统中医药“异病同治”的治疗原则提供科学依据。

Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), a traditional Chinese medicine, is not only used in the treatment of depression, but also in prevention and treatment of anxiety, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and other psychoneurological disorders. However, psychiatric and neurological disorders often coexist, posing challenges for clinical pharmacotherapy. Recent studies have suggested that there may be a common neurobiological basis for both. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic analysis of the common material basis and common mechanism of Bupleuri Radix in prevention and treatment of psychoneurological disorders based on the combing of the dominant diseases such as depression, anxiety and Alzheimer’s disease, in order to provide an idea for the search of the action pattern of Bupleuri Radix in prevention and treatment of psychoneurological disorders, to promote the in-depth understanding and subsequent research and development of Bupleuri Radix in this action, and to provide a scientific basis for the investigation of the treatment principle of “homotherapy for heteropathy” in traditional Chinese medicine.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82074014）；江西省自然科学基金资助项目（20224BAB216088）；江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（GJJ201239，GJJ2200979）；江西中医药大学博士科研启动基金（2022BSZR014）