目的 通过对水飞雄黄和干研雄黄物相结构、元素组成、总砷及可溶性砷含量及抗炎活性进行比较，以阐明雄黄水飞的炮制机制。方法 制备了粒径基本一致的水飞雄黄和干研雄黄，分别采用X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction，XRD）法明确其物相结构并测定伴生矿石含量，采用扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪观测水飞品和干研品形貌特征并检测其元素种类和比例，采用火焰光度原子吸收分光光度法和氢化物发生-原子吸收光度法对2种雄黄中总砷及可溶性砷含量进行了测定。采用二甲苯诱导昆明小鼠耳肿胀实验模型观察雄黄水飞品及干研品不同剂量组的抗炎作用。结果 水飞雄黄和干研雄黄的物相均是AsS和/或As₄S₄；水飞品相比于干研品，其伴生矿石含量有所减少、与氧结合的砷含量较低、总砷及可溶性砷含量较高。抗炎实验表明，阳性药醋酸地塞米松组、水飞品高剂量组及干研品高剂量组的耳肿胀度与对照组相比均显著降低，水飞品高剂量组的耳肿胀度与干研品高剂量组相比降低有显著性差别。结论 与干研法炮制雄黄相比，水飞法炮制雄黄并不改变其物相种类，但有除杂、减毒及增效三重效果，揭示了水飞法炮制雄黄的机制，丰富了水飞法炮制雄黄的科学内涵。

Objective To compare the phase structure, element composition, soluble arsenic content, total arsenic content and anti- inflammatory activity between water grinding Xionghuang (Realgar) and grinding Realgar to clarify the mechanism of water grinding processing. Method The same particle size of water grinding products and grinding products of Realgar were prepared. X-ray diffraction method was used to determine phase species composition and the associated ore content; Scanning electron microscope-energy spectrometer was used to observe the morphological characteristics of the water grinding products and grinding products and detect their element types and element weight percentages. The total arsenic and soluble arsenic contents of two kinds of Realgar were determined by flame photometric atomic absorption spectrophotometry and hydride generation-atomic absorption photometry. The anti-inflammatory effects of different dose groups of water grinding Realgar and grinding Realgar were observed in the experimental model of xylene-induced ear swelling in Kunming mice. Results The phase species composition of water grinding Realgar and grinding Realgar are AsS or / and As₄S₄; compared with the grinding Realgar, water grinding Realgar had lower associated ore, lower arsenic bound to oxygen, and higher total and soluble arsenic. The anti-inflammatory experiment showed that the ear swelling in the positive drug dexamethasone acetate group, the water grinding Realgar high dose group and the grinding Realgar high dose group were significantly lower compared with the blank control group, and the ear swelling in the water grinding Realgar high dose group was significantly different compared with the grinding Realgar high dose group. Conclusion Compared with the grinding Realgar, water grinding Realgar had not change the phase species. The water grinding products have effects of eliminating impurity, reducing toxicity and increasing treatment efficiency, which clarifies the mechanism of water grinding method and enriches the scientific connotation of water grinding method of Realgar.

R283.6

国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项课题（2019YFC1711500）；中央高校基本科研业务费（2023-JYB-KYPT-17）