目的 研究药用昆虫凹纹胡蜂Vespa velutina auraria的化学成分及其抗炎活性。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶和半制备高效液相等色谱技术进行分离纯化，通过核磁共振技术对化合物的结构进行表征和解析。以脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）联合γ干扰素（interferon-γ，IFN-γ）诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7作为炎症模型，探讨提取物及单体对炎症因子mRNA表达的影响。结果 从凹纹胡蜂醋酸乙酯部位分离鉴定了16个化合物，分别为邻苯二酚（1 ）、对羟基苯甲醛（2 ）、对羟基苯丙酸甲酯（3 ）、4-羟基苯醋酸乙酯（4 ）、3，4-二羟基苯乙醇（5 ）、3，4-二羟基苯酰乙醇（6 ）、3，4-二羟基苯甲酸（7 ）、N-乙酰基-2-乙氧基-2-（3，4-二羟基苯基）乙胺（8 ）、2-（2-羟基丙酰氧基）丙酸甲酯（9 ）、对甲氧基苯甲醇（10 ）、3，4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯（11 ）、α-乙基葡萄糖苷（12 ）、2-羟基-3-苯基丙酸甲酯（13 ）、N-乙酰基-2-（3，4-二羟基苯基）乙胺（14 ）、对甲基苯乙醇（15 ）和胸腺嘧啶（16 ）。凹纹胡蜂醇提物及提取物醋酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位和水部位在300 μg/mL时均能有效减少由LPS联合IFN-γ诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症因子一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase，iNOS）基因相对表达量；化合物2 、3 、5 、6 、9～11 对LPS联合IFN-γ诱导RAW264.7细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）mRNA表达有抑制作用（P<0.01）。结论 凹纹胡蜂醇提物及不同极性部位能降低炎症细胞中iNOS的表达，具有一定的抗炎作用。化合物1～16 均为首次从凹纹胡蜂分离鉴定，其中2 、3 、5 、6 、9～11 可能为潜在的活性单体。

Objective To study the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activities of medicinal insect Vespa velutina auraria. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative liquid chromatography, while the structures of compounds were characterized and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The mouse macrophage RAW264.7 inflammation model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with interferon γ (IFN-γ), the effects of extracts and monomers on the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors were investigated. Results A total of 16 compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fractions and identified as catechol hydroquinone (1), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2), methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (3), 4-hydroxyphenethy acetate (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenethyl alcohol (5), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol ketone (6), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (7), divesamides A (8), methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-propionyloxy) propionate (9), 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (10), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic methyl ester (11), α-ethyl glucoside (12), papuline (13), N-acetyl-dopamine (14), 2-(4-methylphenyl) ethanol (15), thymine (16). The alcohol extracts, ethyl acetate fractions, n-butanol fractions and water fractions of V. velutina auraria could effectively reduce the relative expression of iNOS gene of cellular inflammatory factor in RAW264.7 induced by LPS + IFN-γ when the administration concentration of ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions was 300 μg/mL. Compounds 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 -11 inhibited the expression of TNF-α mRNA in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ (P < 0.01). Conclusion The alcoholic extracts and different polar parts of V. velutina auraria can reduce the expression of iNOS in inflammatory cells and have some anti-inflammatory effects. Compounds 1 -16 are isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate portion of V. velutina auraria for the first time, of which 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 -11 may be potential active monomers.

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国家自然科学基金项目（82160822）；国家自然科学基金项目（82160798）；国家自然科学基金项目（82060765）；国家自然科学基金项目（82260163）；云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”团队专项（202305AS350001）；云南省重大科技专项计划（202002AA100007）；云南省自然科学基金（2017FA050）；云南省科技厅基础研究计划面上项目（202101AT070029）