目的 分析不同来源栝楼Trichosanthes资源群体的遗传结构和自然亚群间基因漂移分析以及资源的遗传多样性，为栝楼育种奠定基础。方法 从100对相关序列扩增多态性（sequence-related amplified polymorphism，SRAP）引物中筛选出扩增效果好、稳定性高的43对引物对13个来源于3个自然亚群的栝楼资源进行扩增，进行不同亚群间和品种之间的遗传结构和多样性分析。结果 共扩增出691个位点，其中多态性位点百分率达到79.16%，整个群体的多态性信息含量（polymorphic information content，PIC）、观察等位基因数（observing the number of alleles，N_a）、有效等位基因数（effective number of alleles，N_e）、香农信息指数（Shannon information index，I）和遗传距离（genetic distance，H）依次为0.495 5、1.791 6、1.374 6、0.359 4和0.231 6，3个自然亚群中其他野生类群的遗传丰富度最高，潜山和合肥自然亚群之间的遗传相似度高，达到0.922 9。亲缘关系类群体间的群间分化系数（intergroup differentiation coefficient，Fst）平均为0.265 6，类群间基因流（gene flow，N_m）平均为1.382 6，遗传分化系数较大，不同自然亚群间具有一定的基因交流，但不同位点基因交换的差异很大。13个品种资源被分成2个亚群，2个长萼栝楼地方品种单独组成一个亚群，其他11个双边栝楼资源被聚为另一个亚类，2个亚群遗传相似性系数仅为60.94%，福建野生型与安徽育成品种相似性较低，四川野生型相似性较高，说明四川野生型已被大量应用于安徽栝楼育种。结论 栝楼种质资源之间有较大的遗传相似性，不同自然亚群的栝楼种质资源之间有一定的基因交流。

Objective To analyze the genetic structure, gene drift and genetic diversity of the resources from different sources within and among natural groups, so as to lay a foundation for Trichosanthes breeding. Methods A total of 43 pairs of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primers with good amplification effect and high stability were screened from 100 pairs of SRAP primers to amplify 13 Trichosanthes resources from three natural groups, the genetic structure and diversity between genetic groups and varieties were analyzed. Results A total of 691 loci were amplified, of which the percentage of polymorphic loci reached 79.16%. The polymorphic information content (PIC), the number of observed alleles (N_a), the number of effective alleles (Ne), the Shannon information index (I) and the genetic distance (H) of the whole population were 0.495 5, 1.791 6, 1.374 6, 0.359 4 and 0.231 6, respectively. The genetic richness of other wild groups was the highest in the three natural groups. The genetic similarity between Qianshan and Hefei natural groups was higher, reaching 0.922 9. The intergroup differentiation coefficient (Fst) between the genetic groups was 0.265 6, and gene flow (N_m) between the groups was 1.382 6. The coefficient of genetic differentiation was large. There was certain gene exchange between different groups, but the difference of gene exchange was very large in different loci. The 13 varieties resources were divided into two genetic subgroups. The two wild resources of T. laceribractea were clustered into one subgroup separately, and the other 11 T. uniflora resources were clustered into another subgroup. The genetic similarity coefficient of the two subgroups was only 60.94%. The similarity between wild resource from Fujian and Anhui resources was low, and the similarity between wild resource from Sichuan was high, indicating that Sichuan wild resource has been widely used in Anhui Trichosanthes breeding. Conclusion There is greater genetic similarity between different germplasm resources, and there is a certain gene exchange between different groups of germplasm resources.

R286.12

安徽省重点研发项目（202104a06020029）；安徽胜教育厅重大项目（2023AH040279）；国家自然基金项目（32101704）；大学生创新课题（202210879102，S202210879310）