膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis，KOA）是一种严重影响患者生活质量的膝关节功能退行性疾病，目前已成为全球致残率最高的疾病之一。中医药治疗KOA有着悠久的历史和广阔的应用前景，能够有效弥补现代医学治疗KOA的不足。中药三萜类成分对KOA具有良好的防治作用，可通过抑制炎症反应、抗氧化应激反应、抑制软骨细胞凋亡、促进软骨细胞增殖、合成胶原蛋白等延缓KOA的进程，具有多靶点协同性的特点。通过对中药三萜类成分防治KOA的作用机制进行综述，为开发临床治疗KOA的药物提供科学依据。

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a knee functional degenerative disease that can seriously affect the quality of life of patients, and has become one of the most disabling diseases in the world. The treatment of KOA by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and broad application prospects, which can effectively make up for the deficiency of modern medical treatment of KOA. Triterpenoids in TCM have a good effect on the prevention and treatment of KOA, and can delay the process of KOA by inhibiting inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis, promoting chondrocyte proliferation, and synthesizing collagen, which have the characteristics of multi-target synergism. This mechanism of TCM triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of KOA was reviewed to provide scientific basis for the development of clinical drugs for the treatment of KOA.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204552）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82274280）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2021M692893）；浙江省中医药科技计划项目（2023ZR079）