目的 解析卵叶远志Polygala sibirica 叶绿体因组的序列特征和系统发育关系。方法 利用CTAB法提取卵叶远志叶片基因组DNA，通过Illumina HiSeq平台测序，再用GetCellelle组装叶绿体基因组，通过MEGA11构建邻接法（neighbor-joining，NJ法）系统发育树。结果 卵叶远志的叶绿体基因组全长165 192 bp，GC含量为36.70%，共编码124个基因，其中包含8个rRNA基因、42个tRNA基因和74个蛋白编码基因；相对同义密码子使用度显示，67.29%的密码子的使用度＞1，密码子偏好A、T结尾；共检测到287个简单重复序列（simple sequence repeats，SSR），其中以单核苷酸重复次数最多，占80.61%，单核苷酸主要由A和T组成，这表明在碱基形成过程中A和T被频繁使用；边界分析显示，9种远志属植物叶绿体基因组边界较为稳定，卵叶远志、香港远志P. hongkongensis、远志P. tenuifolia、瓜子金P. japonica和合叶草P. subopposite基因结构存在相似性；变异分析显示，9种远志属植物叶绿体基因组变异幅度较小；系统发育分析结果显示，卵叶远志、香港远志、瓜子金、远志、合叶草和西南远志P. crotalarioide因较高的支持率可聚成一支。结论 构建了高质量的卵叶远志全叶绿体基因组，为卵叶远志的遗传结构和遗传多样性研究奠定了基础。

Objective To identify the sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Polygala sibirica chloroplast genome. Methods The genomic DNA of leaves was extracted by CTAB method and sequenced by the Illumina HiSeq platform, and the chloroplast genome was assembled by GetCellelle, and the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA11. Results The total length of the chloroplast genome of P. sibirica was 165 192 bp, with a GC value of 36.70%. The chloroplast genome of P. sibirica has 124 coding genes, with the numbers of CDS, tRNA, and rRNA were 74, 42, and 8, respectively; relative synonymous codon usage showed that 67.29% of codons had a usage level large than 1, and codons preferred A and T endings. A total of 287 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, and the number of single nucleotide repetitions was the highest, accounting for 80.61 %. Mononucleotides are mainly composed of A and T, indicating that A and T are frequently used during base formation. Boundary analysis showed that the chloroplast genome boundaries of nine species of Polygala were relatively stable, and the gene structures of P. sibirica, P. hongkongensis, P. tenuifolia, P. japonica and P. subopposita were similar. Variation analysis showed that the chloroplast genome variation of nine species of Polygala was small. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that P. sibirica, P. hongkongensis, P. japonica, P. tenuifolia, P. subopposite and P. crotalarioide could be clustered into one branch due to their high support rates. Conclusion The high-quality whole chloroplast genome of P. sibirica was constructed, which laid a foundation for the study of genetic structure and genetic diversity of P. sibirica.

R286.12

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82003899）；陕西省科技厅社发攻关一般项目（2021SF-364）；公益性行业（中医药）科研专项经费项目（201507002-1-08）；陕西中医药大学校级课题项目（2020GP28）；陕西中医药大学“秦药”品质评价及资源开发学科创新团队项目（2019-QN01）