目的 优化水蒸气蒸馏法提取高良姜Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma精油的工艺，分析其化学成分并对其抗氧化与抑菌活性进行评价，为高良姜精油开发利用提供一定的研究基础。方法 以高良姜根茎为原料，采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取高良姜精油，通过单因素实验和星点响应面法优化高良姜精油的最佳提取工艺，利用GC-MS分析其化学成分，并对其抗氧化活性和抑菌活性进行研究。结果 高良姜精油的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶9.2、浸泡时间1.1 h、蒸馏时间4.3 h、蒸馏温度226 ℃，在此条件下，高良姜精油提取率为1.07%。从高良姜精油中共检测出44种化学成分，占总精油的99.41%，其主要成分有1,8-桉油精（41.92%）、γ-依兰油烯（13.66%）、(−)-α-萜品醇（7.52%）、α-顺-香柠檬烯（4.29%）和反丁香烯（3.96%）。高良姜精油对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基均具有较强的清除能力，其半抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration，IC₅₀）分别为（5.84±0.15）mg/mL和（1.31±0.08）mg/mL，其质量浓度在0.5～16.0 mg/mL时表现出较强的铁还原能力。高良姜精油对6种供试细菌与3种供试真菌均表现出一定的抑菌活性，其中对金黄色葡萄球菌与肺炎克雷伯氏菌表现为高敏感型；所有受试菌的生长均能被高良姜精油抑制，最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）值为0.78～25.00 mg/mL，最小杀菌浓度（minimum bactericidal concentration，MBC）值为3.13～25.00 mg/mL，对铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌与黑曲霉无杀菌活性。结论 优化工艺条件下提取的高良姜精油提取率高，工艺稳定可行，高良姜精油的主要成分相对含量高于文献报道，并具有较强的抗氧化与抑菌活性，可将高良姜精油作为天然抗氧化剂与抑菌剂进行开发。

Objective To optimize the extraction process of essential oil from Gaoliangjiang (Alpinine Officinarum Rhizoma, AOR) by steam distillation, analyze its chemical composition, and evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, so as to provide certain research basis for the development and utilization of essential oil from AOR. Methods The essential oil was extracted from rhizome of AOR by steam distillation. Single factor test and central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) were used to optimize the extraction process of essential oil. The chemical constituents of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS, and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil were studied. Results The optimal extraction process conditions for AOR essential oil were material to liquid ratio of 1∶9.2, soaking time of 1.1 h, distillation time of 4.3 h, and distillation temperature of 226 ℃. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of AOR essential oil was 1.07%. A total of 44 chemical components were detected from the essential oil of AOR, accounting for 99.41% of the total essential oil, and the main components were 1,8-eucalyptol (41.92%), γ-ylangolene (13.66%), (−)-α-terpenol (7.52%), α-cis-bergamotene (4.29%) and β-caryophyllene (3.96%). AOR essential oil showed strong scavenging ability for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of (5.84 ± 0.15) mg/mL and (1.31 ± 0.08) mg/mL, respectively, and showed strong iron reducing ability when the concentration was in the range of 0.5 and 16.0 mg/mL. The essential oil of AOR showed certain antibacterial activity against six kinds of bacteria and three kinds of fungi, among which it was highly sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The growth of all the tested bacteria could be inhibited by the essential oil of AOR. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.78—25.00 mg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 3.13—25.00 mg/mL. There was no bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Conclusion Under optimized conditions, the extraction rate of the essential oil was high and the process was stable and feasible. The relative contents of main components of the essential oil were higher than those reported in the literature, and the essential oil had strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The essential oil of AOR could be used as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent for development.

R283.6

中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金（1630032022008）；海南省自然科学基金项目（820MS102）；中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所非营利项目（PZS2023013）