肝脏是药物在机体内代谢的主要场所。药源性肝损伤（drug-induced liver injury，DILI）是药物过量或不当使用导致的机体不良反应之一。非甾体类抗炎药、抗菌药等均可能引起DILI。DILI发生机制主要与细胞色素P450酶、线粒体功能障碍、药物代谢反应、氧化应激、炎症反应等密切相关。中药可通过抑制氧化应激、炎症反应、减少细胞凋亡与影响细胞色素P450酶系统等发挥治疗肝损伤作用。通过对DILI发生机制、动物模型建立方法及中药干预机制等方面进行总结归纳，为DILI动物模型的合理选择及中药防治机制研究提供参考。

The liver is the main organ of drug metabolism. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the adverse reactions that is caused by drug overdose or improper use. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibacterial drugs may induce liver injury. The mechanism of DILI is mainly related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450), mitochondrial dysfunction, drug metabolic response, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and other biochemical reactions. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has anti-liver injury effects via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, reducing hepatocyte apoptosis and affecting the CYP450 enzyme system. The review summarizes the mechanisms of DILI development, the methods of establishing DILI animal models and the mechanism of TCM intervention, aiming to provide reference for the rational selection of animal models of DILI and the study of TCM prevention and treatment mechanism.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82174083）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（82004069）；四川省中医药管理局重大项目（2023ZD05）