目的 探讨外源一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）对龙胆Gentiana scabra次生代谢产物环烯醚萜苷积累及其质量形成机制的影响。方法 分别用水及0.02、0.10、0.50、2.00 mmol/L硝普纳（sodium nitroprusside，SNP）溶液处理龙胆鲜根，研究活性氧、抗氧化酶活性、次生代谢产物相关酶活性及次生代谢产物积累之间的关系。结果 0.50、2.00 mmol/L SNP处理组龙胆超氧阴离子、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、NO含量在0～2 d显著增加，第2天之后逐渐降低。丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势，表明SNP可模拟再现生态胁迫的生理状态。SNP处理组超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性在0～6 d均显著升高，0.50 mmol/L SNP处理组过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）和过氧化物酶（peroxidases，POD）活性分别在0～2 d和2～4 d显著升高。1,3-二磷酸甘油酸（1,3-disphosphoglycerate，1,3-DPG）含量及磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase，PEPC）活性在0～4 d显著增加，其中0.50、2.00 mmol/L SNP处理组效果显著（P＜0.01）。0.50 mmol/L SNP处理组羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶（hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase，HMGR）和1-脱氧-D-木酮糖醇-5-磷酸还原异构酶（1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase，DXR）活性在0～6 d显著升高，第6天0.50 mmol/L SNP处理组龙胆中龙胆苦苷、獐芽菜苦苷、獐芽菜苷和马钱苷酸含量比第0天分别增加了34.5%、35.3%、1.8%和53.7%。结论 SNP能够再现龙胆逆境条件下的生理状态，促进龙胆中环烯醚萜类化合物的生物合成，提高龙胆药材质量。

Objective To explore the effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the accumulation of iridoid glycosides, a secondary metabolite of Longdan (Gentiana scabra), and its quality formation mechanism. Methods The fresh roots of G. scabra were treated with water, 0.02, 0.10, 0.50 and 2.00 mmol/L nipponate solution (SNP), respectively, the relationships between the activities of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, enzyme activities related to secondary metabolites and the accumulation of secondary metabolites were investigated. Results The contents of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and NO in G. scabra treated with 0.50 and 2.00 mmol/L SNP increased significantly from 0—2 d, then decreased gradually. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased first and then decreased, indicating that SNP can simulate and reproduce the physiological state under ecological stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in SNP treatment group increased significantly from 0 to 6 d, the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in 0.50 mmol/L SNP treatment group were increased significantly at 0—2 d and 2—4 d, respectively. The contents of 1,3-diphosphoglyceride (1,3-DPG) and the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) were increased significantly at 0—4 dthe effects of 0.50 and 2.00 mmol/L SNP treatment groups were the most significantand (P < 0.01). The activities of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-D-xyketol-5-phosphate reductisomerase (DXR) in the 0.50 mmol/LSNP treatment group were significantly increased from 0—6 d, with this, the contents of gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, sweroside and loganic acid, the main active ingredients in G. scabra, were increased by 34.5%, 35.4%, 1.8% and 53.7% respectively compared with those on the 0 day. Conclusion SNP can rebuilt physiological status of G. scabra under ecological stress, promote the biosynthesis of iridoid compounds, and improve the herbal medicine quality.

R286

2020年国际自然科学基金区域联合项目（U20A2040）；黑龙江中医药大学校基金面上项目（2019MS27）